作者:姚希,沈丽佳,殷操,谢思明
【关键词】 扁平苔癣
Expressions of Caspase3, TNFα and TNFRΙ and their relationship with cell apoptosis in oral lichen planus
【Abstract】 AIM: To examine the expressions and distribution of Caspase3, TNFα and TNFRΙ and their relationship to apoptosis in oral lichen planus (OLP). METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining with SP method and TUNEL technique were used to detect the expressions of Caspase3, TNFα and TNFRΙ in 33 cases of OLP and 7 cases of normal oral mucosa specimens (the controls). RESULTS: Compared with the controls, OLP was increased in apoptosis index (AI) of epithelial cells and decreased in AI of lymphocytes (both P<0.05). The expression of Caspase3 in all OLP cases was significantly higher than that in the normal group both in the epithelial layer and in the lamina propria (P<0.025). Compared with that in the normal group, TNFα expression in all OLP cases was decreased in the epithelial layer and increased in the lamina propria (both P<0.025), while TNFRΙ expression was increased in the epithelial layer and decreased in the lamina propria in all OLP cases (both P<0.025). TNFα expression was significantly increased in the lamina propria in the erosion group compared with the nonerosion group (P<0.05). A positive correlation was observed between Caspase3 expression and AI in the epithelial cells (r=0.631, P<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between Caspase3 expression and AI in lymphocytes (P>0.05). Expressions of TNFα and TNFRI were significantly correlated to AI both in the epithelial layer and in the lamina propria. CONCLUSION: The accelerated apoptosis of keratinocytes and the inhibition of lymphocyte apoptosis may coexist in OLP, which may contribute to the formation and progression of OLP.
【Keywords】 lichen planus, oral; Caspase3; tumor necrosis factor; TNFRΙ; apoptosis
【摘要】 目的: 探讨口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)中Caspase3, TNFα和TNFRΙ的表达意义及其与细胞凋亡的关系. 方法: 采用脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的原位缺口末端标记法(TUNEL法)、SP免疫组化方法检测33例OLP及7例正常口腔黏膜(对照组)中Caspase3, TNFα和TNFRΙ的表达及细胞凋亡情况. 结果: OLP中上皮细胞凋亡指数(AI)明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),而固有层的AI明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05). OLP的上皮层和固有层Caspase3阳性表达明显高于正常对照组(P<0.025). OLP中上皮层TNFRI及固有层TNFα阳性表达明显高于正常对照组(P<0.025),而上皮层TNFα及固有层TNFRI阳性表达则明显低于正常对照组(P<0.025),糜烂型组固有层中TNFα阳性表达明显高于非糜烂型组(P<0.05). OLP上皮层Caspase3阳性表达与其自身AI呈正相关(r=0.631, P<0.05),而固有层淋巴细胞Caspase3阳性表达与自身的AI无相关性(P>0.05);TNFα/TNFRI表达与OLP上皮及固有层细胞的AI密切相关. 结论: OLP中同时存在角质细胞凋亡亢进及固有层淋巴细胞凋亡的减少,这种凋亡的异常可能与OLP的发生发展密切相关.
【关键词】 扁平苔癣,口腔;Caspase3;肿瘤坏死因子;TNFRΙ;细胞凋亡
0引言
口腔扁平苔藓(oral lichen planus, OLP)是临床上常见的口腔黏膜非感染性疾病,在临床上主要表现为口腔黏膜的白色斑块或条纹,其病理特征为上皮下固有层淋巴细胞带状浸润及基底层细胞液化变性. OLP的发病机制尚无定论. 近期研究表明,OLP为细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病,且与细胞凋亡异常相关[1]. 我们通过原位检测OLP中Caspase3, TNFα和TNFRΙ蛋白的表达及细胞凋亡情况,探讨Caspase3, TNFα和TNFRΙ在OLP发生发展中的作用及其与细胞凋亡的关系.
1对象和方法
1.1对象收集广州暨南大学第一附属医院及广东省口腔医院2001/2004年间口腔门诊OLP患者活检标本33(男7,女26)例,均是2 mo内未经激光、激素、免疫调节治疗的原发病例. 患者年龄22~71(平均45)岁. 16例取自舌部黏膜,14例取自颊黏膜,3例取自下唇黏膜. 非糜烂型24例,糜烂型9例. 另取7例因口腔外伤或整形手术切除的正常黏膜作为对照组. 根据临床表现结合HE染色,按WHO的OLP病理诊断标准,由两位临床病理医师分别独立诊断,以两人一致的结果为最终判断. 根据临床表现结合病理诊断,将33例OLP分为2组: 糜烂型9例,非糜烂型24例. 试剂: 小鼠抗人Caspase3 mAb(浓缩型)购自NeoMarkers公司,工作浓度是1∶50. 小鼠抗人TNFα和TNFRI mAb(浓缩型)购自Santa Cruz公司,工作浓度分别是1∶400及1∶100. TUNEL试剂盒为基因公司产品. SP试剂盒、DAB显色剂均购自福州迈新生物技术开发公司.
1.2方法患者活检标本4 μm厚连续石蜡切片,65℃烘烤,脱蜡、水化后微波修复抗原,免疫组化SP法检测目标抗原, 从33例OLP中随机选取15例(将33例随机编号,取偶数,末例舍去), TUNEL法原位检测15例OLP和全部正常黏膜的凋亡细胞. SP法操作步骤严格按照SP试剂盒说明书进行,DAB显色,苏木素复染,中性树胶封片,PBS代替一抗作为替代对照,用已知阳性片做阳性对照. TUNEL法操作步骤严格按照试剂盒说明书进行,DAB显色,PBS替代TUNEL反应液作替代对照.
1.2.1免疫组织化学染色Caspase3阳性染色为细胞质或(和)细胞核内棕黄色颗粒着色,TNFα和TNFRΙ阳性染色均为细胞质中棕黄色颗粒着色. 随机选择5个高倍视野(×400),计数阳性细胞所占的百分比. 根据阳性细胞的比例记分: 阳性细胞比例为0,记为0分;1%~25%,记为1分;26%~50%,记为2分;>50%,记为3分.
1.2.2凋亡细胞的原位检测细胞核呈棕褐色或细胞质因核DNA逸出至阳性染色者,为凋亡细胞,随机选择5个高倍视野(×400),计数凋亡细胞数百分率,即为凋亡指数(apoptosis index, AI).
统计学处理: 全部数据用SPSS 10.0统计软件进行分析,Caspase3, TNFα和TNFRΙ的表达结果采用非参数等级资料秩和检验MannWhitney Test,检验水准取双侧α=0.025(因涉及2次重复比较问题,故调整检验水准,α=α/2, α取0.05). TUNEL法实验结果采用两样本均数比较的t检验. AI与Caspase3, TNFα和TNFRΙ表达的相关性及TNFα和TNFRΙ之间表达的相关性,采用Spearman等级相关分析.
2结果
2.1细胞凋亡情况在口腔黏膜上皮层及固有层均可见凋亡细胞,核呈棕褐色,轮廓清楚、致密. 经两样本均数比较的t检验(经方差齐性检验,各组间总体方差齐同),OLP中上皮细胞凋亡指数明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),凋亡细胞多位于基底层或基底上层,而正常对照组中的凋亡细胞多位于表层及棘层. 口腔扁平苔藓中固有层的细胞凋亡指数明显低于正常对照组(P<0.05),凋亡细胞多位于固有层深层(图1A,信捷职称论文写作发表网,表1).
表1口腔扁平苔藓与正常对照组中细胞凋亡指数的比较(略)
aP<0.05 vs正常黏膜组.
2.2Caspase3表达情况OLP中Caspase3的阳性率上皮层和固有层均为100%,上皮层主要表达于基底细胞和棘细胞的胞质,亦可见胞核着色,基底细胞层及近基底细胞层阳性细胞为中度阳性表达,棘细胞层阳性细胞为弱阳性表达 (图1B); 固有层近基底膜的淋巴细胞和部分炎性细胞