细胞穿膜肽可有效将多肽、蛋白质分子及DNA片段,通过无受体介导、无耗能的方式,导入多种哺乳动物细胞,并且细胞膜亲和性高,穿膜速度快,且在一定浓度范围内不会造成细胞损伤[9]. 穿膜肽可有效将目的基因片段导入细胞内[10],有望解决目前运用病毒载体进行基因治疗时,转染效率低的主要问题,具有较高的临床治疗价值,已应用于肿瘤细胞系、动物移植瘤的治疗,为此我们在表达盒中设计了Ant穿膜肽[11]. 基因转移载体的设计是基因治疗研究中的一个关键,理想的体内基因转移载体应用有较好的细胞靶向性、目的基因表达的可控性以及转移方法的简单易行,以往在基因治疗的研究中,逆转录病毒,腺病毒等载体应用较多. 随着研究的深入,人们发现上述载体由于自身的某些缺陷不能满足研究与治疗的需要. AAV载体则避免了上述载体的缺陷,是近年来使用的转导效率高的病毒载体,提高了转导效率,并能感染分裂和非分裂细胞,适合肿瘤基因治疗[12]. 为此本课题成功地将回收的嵌合NT4p53(C22)Ant cDNA片段亚克隆于腺伴随病毒穿梭质粒pSSHGCMV中,构建了重组质粒pSSHGCMVNT4p53(C22)Ant. 应用斑点杂交试验检测重组病毒AAVNT4p53(C22)Ant的滴度为2×1010/mL. 为了提高腺伴病毒载体的转导效率,我们用了神经营养因子(NT4)信号肽,引导肽与目的短肽相连接.
我们发现,AAVNT4p53(C22)可导致肿瘤形态变异,数目减少,证明了AAVNT4p53(C22)Ant重组腺伴病毒对胰腺癌细胞系MiapacaⅡ的杀伤作用;PI流式细胞检测发现治疗组细胞凋亡较对照组增多;LDH检测结果显示随着AAVNT4p53(C22)对MiapacaⅡ转染时间的增加,培养基中LDH逐渐增加,但与空病毒组与未处理组间无差异. LDH测定是检测细胞坏死情况的指标,表明重组病毒对细胞的杀伤作用不是引起细胞坏死,而是细胞的凋亡,这同流式细胞仪检测的结果一致. 再次证实了AAVNT4p53(C22)Ant对胰腺癌细胞MiapacaⅡ有杀伤作用,并且是通过引起细胞凋亡而实现的.
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