作者:杨加周,赵豫凤,苗乃周, 景彩霞,艾庆燕
【关键词】 精液质量
Influence of cigarette smoking on semen quality in male infertility patients
【Abstract】 AIM: To study the influence of cigarette smoking on the sperm quality. METHODS: Sperm samples were obtained from 395 cigarette smokers (smoking group) and 202 nonsmokers (nonsmoking group) in 597 male infertility patients to compare some sperm parameters between the two groups. RESULTS: The number of sperm with normal morphology, sperm density and sperm vitality in smokers decreased significantly compared with those in nonsmokers (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01). The sperm density of subjects with smoking history>10 a decreased compared with that of subjects with smoking history<10 a (P<0.05). Smoking amount, The sperm vitality and density of subjects smoking cigarettes>20/d deceased compared with those of subjects smoking cigarettes <20/d (P<0.05). Smoking habits, total annual smoking packs and depth of inhalation were associated with decreased sperm quality. CONCLUSION: Cigarette smoking is possibly associated with decreased sperm quality. Moderate, heavy and longterm smoking adversely will affect the semen quality.
【Keywords】 cigarette smoking; sperm quality; infertility, male
【摘要】 目的: 探讨吸烟对男性精液质量的影响. 方法: 选择597例男性不育患者精液标本,其中395例为吸烟者,202例为非吸烟者,观察比较2组精液标本的各项参数. 结果: 吸烟者和非吸烟者相比,精子的正常形态数、精子的密度和精子的活力降低,2组之间有显著性差异(P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01).吸烟龄>10 a,其精子的密度降低(与<10 a者相比P<0.05). 吸烟量>20支/d者,其精子的活力和密度降低 (与<20支/d者相比P<0.05). 吸烟状况、年吸烟总量和吸烟深度均与精子的质量下降有关. 结论: 吸烟行为可能与精子的质量下降有关. 中、大量吸烟或吸烟龄长者对男性生育有不良影响.
【关键词】 吸烟;精液质量;育,男性
0引言
男性精液质量随不同年代呈明显下降,在我国男性精液质量也呈下降的趋势[1]. 影响精液质量的因素不明[2,3],多数认为吸烟对生育的影响较大, 是否与其精液质量下降有关,一直倍受人们的关注. 我们研究的目的是探讨吸烟对男性精液质量的影响.
1对象和方法
1.1对象
将2001/2004中597例男性不育病例,分为吸烟组与非吸烟组,均2 a以上未育,否认全身性疾病,生殖道感染及各种手术史,无放射线接触,药物过敏及嗜酒史. 体检外生殖器发育正常,睾丸大小正常,男性副性征明显,无精索静脉曲张. 女方经妇科检查无异常. 吸烟组为395例,年龄22~49岁,平均28岁;非吸烟组202例,年龄24~36(平均26.5)岁.
1.2方法
被检测者均禁欲3~5 d后,在实验室用手淫法留取精液于10 mL量杯中. 采精后精液放置于37℃恒温箱, 待液化后进行精液常规分析, 并按WHO标准[4]分析精液的溶积、液化时间、密度、活率与活力等.
统计学分析: 用SPSS软件包对搜集的数据采用χ2检验进行统计学分析.
2结果
吸烟组的精子正常形态数和密度显著低于非吸烟组(P<0.01);吸烟组的精子活力也明显低于非吸烟组(P<0.05);而精子的活率两组之间无显著性差异(Tab 1). 在吸烟组内,吸烟年限对精子的密度有影响,吸烟龄在10 a以上者,信捷职称论文写作发表网,其精子密度明显低于10 a以下者(P<0.05, Tab 2). 平均每日吸烟20支者,其精子的活力和密度明显低于20支以下者(P<0.05, Tab 3). 吸烟年限、每日吸烟量对精子形态的影响,两组之间无显著性差异.表1吸烟组与非吸烟组精液各指标比较(略)表2吸烟年限对精子形态、活力及密度的影响(略)表3每日吸烟量(支)对精子形态、活力及密度的影响(略)
3讨论
男性不育人数的增多,而病因不明是世界性问题[5,6]. 吸烟可导致Leydig细胞、Sertoli分泌异常,睾丸静脉中睾酮、雄激素结合蛋白浓度降低[7]. 尼古丁等直接影响精子发生,尼古丁浓度≥1 mmol/L,可显著降低精子的运动能力,重度吸烟还可使阴茎动脉收缩,睾丸和附睾血流动力学改变,阻碍精子的发生和成熟[8]. 烟草浓聚物及其代谢产物中富含有诱导基因突变和致癌物质,这些物质可使精子对酸性诱变剂的敏感性增高,精子DNA链断裂增加,导致畸形精子增多[9]. 我们研究表明吸烟对精子质量有不同程度的影响,尤其是对精子的形态、活力和密度损害较为明显,与非吸烟组存在显著性差异. 我们还统计了吸烟组内,吸烟龄超过10 a的和未超10 a的相比,精子的密度明显降低. 此外,我们还从吸烟的深度作了比较,发现平均每日吸烟在20支以上者,其精子的活力和密度比20支以下者明显降低,但无统计学意义.
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