论文关键词:大血管; 出血; 止血方法
论文摘要 目的:为了提高大血管损伤后的救治成功率,减少伤残率。方法:41例患者不同类型的大血管出血,在不同部位分别采用外控法,内控法和内外控制法进行止血。结果:1例枪伤病人并发肾功能衰竭死亡;1例颈总动脉损伤者第19天再次大出血死亡;2例腘动脉损伤病人截肢;其余37例病人效果满意。结论:采用这些方法灵活处理大血管出血可以获得良好的临床效果。
The Study of treatment methods and techniques on the hemorrhage of great vesselsWANG Bing-Ang, MEN Xin-Wen
(Department of orthopaedics, Third Hospital of Chinese PLA, BaoJi,Shanxi 721004)
[Abstract] AIM: To increase the remedy rate and decrease the disability rate after great vessels injury. METHODS: Different types of great vessels hemorrhage in 41 patients were treated with exterior, interior, exterior and interior control methods in different positions, espectively. RESULTS: 1 gunshot wound patient died from renal failure. 1 commom carotid artery injury patient died from rebleeding after 19 days. Two patients whose popliteal arteries were injuried were amputated. And other 37 patients obtained satisfied treatment effects.CONCLUSION: Smartly adoptting these methods to treat the great vessels hemorrhage might obtain favourable clinical effects.
[Keywords] the great vessels; hemorrhage; hemostasis method
临床上因外伤,刀伤,枪伤,手术中误伤大血管造成大出血并不少见,损伤后病人情况较紧急,医生止血的方法可各有不同,治疗后的结果也不尽相同。我们自1983年6月至2004年12月遇到大出血41例,经抢救取得了良好的临床效果,现将在手术处理血管损伤大出血病人所采用的止血方法和体会报告如下:
1 临床资料:
1.1一般资料: 本组41例,男31例,女10例,最小年龄15岁,最大年龄54岁,平均年龄35岁;
1.2损伤血管及受伤原因:颈总动脉裂伤1例(刀伤);颈内静脉裂伤2例(刀伤);锁骨下静脉裂伤1例(医源性);腋动、静脉断裂伤2例(刀伤);腹主动脉裂伤1例(刀伤);肾静脉断裂1例(医源性);髂内动脉裂伤2例(刀伤1例、医源性伤1例);髂内静脉裂伤2例(刀伤1例、医源性1例);髂内动、静脉断裂伤1例(枪伤)髂腰静脉裂伤1例(医源性)臀上动、静脉断裂4例(刀伤);髂外动脉裂伤1例(刀伤);髂外静脉裂伤4例(刀伤2例,医源性2例);股动脉裂伤2例(刀伤);股静脉裂伤4例(刀伤3例,医源性1例);股动、静脉断裂伤1例(刀伤);股深动脉第一穿动脉断裂1例(医源);股深动脉第二穿动脉断裂伤2例(医源性);腘静脉断裂伤6例(车祸4例,石块砸伤1例,枪伤1例);腘动脉断裂伤2例(砸伤1例,车祸1例);
1.3修复的类型:血管结扎8例;直接缝合修复21例;补片修复1例;端-端缝合3例;血管桥接8例;
2 控制出血的方法:
2.1外控制法:多用于四肢。①一带法:多用于动脉出血,于出血部或肢体的近侧用止血带环扎阻断血运,再在出血部位处理出血点,安全,视野清楚,便于操作。②双带法:多用于静脉损伤出血或动、静脉同时损伤出血,如果只用一根止血带,出血点以远的血液还会不时的流到伤口内造成视野不清楚,如在伤口远近侧各捆扎一止血带,可以方便的处理破裂的伤口。