【关键词】 气管移植;小鼠,近交系;疾病模型,动物
Establishment of an orthotopic tracheal transplantation model with inbred mice
【Abstract】 AIM: To establish an orthotopic tracheal transplantation model with inbred mice. METHODS: Weightmatched inbred mice with different germlines were randomly assigned to 2 experimental groups: A,C57BL/6(donator) → BALB/c(receptor)(n=10 pairs); B, BALB/c(donator) →BALB/c(receptor)(n=10 pairs). Weightmatched Kunming(KM) mice were assigned as a control group C: KM(donator)→ KM(receptor) (n=10 pairs).The orthotopic tracheal transplantations were performed according to the designed groups and the transplanted trachea was coated with the anterior cervical muscles for revascularization.Tracheal graft rejection was monitored by daily clinical airway assessment, histological examination using HE staining and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: All the mice in group A and B were living until they were sacrificed, while 6 mice kept alive in group C. Tracheal autografts in group A and C had notable rejection reaction,but group B did not.In the 3 groups, the epithelial scores were 1.094±0.120,2.872±0.059 and 0.995±0.444; the numbers of lymphocyte were (20.18±1.31) /HPF, <5 /HPF and( 22.55±4.87) /HPF; the ratios of anuclear chondrocyte/osteocyte were (27.22±1.09)%, (10.60±1.01)% and (31.40±6.43)%. Various cellular indexes such as the epithelial score, the number of lymphocyte and the ratio of anuclear chondrocyte/osteocyte in group A and C showed marked statistical difference when compared with those of group B, but no statistical difference was found when group A was compared with group C. CONCLUSION: A C57BL/6(donator) → BALB/c(receptor)orthotopic tracheal transplantation model has been established successfully.Various pathophysiological changes in the tracheal transplantation would well be reflected in both the inbred and closed population mice.The inbred model seems to be more stable than the closed population.
【Keywords】 trachea transplantation; mice, inbred strains; disease models, animal
【摘要】 目的: 建立近交系小鼠同种异体原位气管移植模型. 方法: 供受体体质量配对后,C57BL/6 和BALB/c小鼠随机分为2组,每组各10对,A组为C57BL/6(供体) → BALB/c(受体)组,B组BALB/c(供体) →BALB/c(受体)组,昆明种小鼠10对作为C组即KM(供体) →KM(受体)组. 利用颈前肌肉及周围组织被覆移植气管提供血供建立同种异体小鼠原位气管移植模型. 使用HE染色以及扫描电镜对同种异体小鼠原位气管移植模型进行评估,观察比较上皮积分、淋巴细胞计数以及无核软骨细胞/全部软骨细胞等指标. 结果: A, B组全部存活,C组存活6只. A, C组移植气管均发生一定程度的排斥反应,B组无排斥反应发生. A, B, C三组上皮积分分别为: 1.094±0.120分,2.872±0.059分及0.995±0.444分;无核软骨细胞数/骨细胞总数比值分别为:(27.22±1.09)%, (10.60±1.01)% 及(31.40±6.43)%;淋巴细胞计数分别(20.18±1.31)个/HPF,≤5个/HPF及(22.55±4.87)个/HPF. A, B组及C,B组各项指标相比均有统计学意义,而A,C组相比则差异无统计学意义;且C组各数值离散程度均大于A组. 结论: 成功建立了C57BL/6(供体) → BALB/c(受体)小鼠原位气管移植模型. 近交系及封闭群模型均能反应移植气管的各种病理生理变化,但封闭群模型稳定性较近交系差.
【关键词】 气管移植;小鼠,近交系;疾病模型,动物
0引言
气管移植是气管重建外科的重要研究方向. 以往主要采用杂交犬,家兔等动物作为模型进行同种异体原位或异位移植的研究[1-2]. 由于应用的实验动物为非近交系,遗传背景不明确,使研究只能局限于大体形态及镜下病理学的观察,无法进行更为精确的免疫学方面的观察和研究. 为了解决这一问题,本实验我们建立了同种异体近交系小鼠原位气管移植模型,并对近交系小鼠原位气管移植模型和封闭群小鼠原位气管移植模型进行对比性研究.
1材料和方法
1.1材料清洁级C57BL/6, BALB/c,昆明种(KM)小鼠各20只(第四军医大学实验动物中心,体质量25~30 g,雄性). 供受体按体质量配对成30对后随机分为3组: A组: C57BL/6(供体) → BALB/c(受体)组(n=10);B组:BALB/c(供体) →BALB/c(受体)组(n=10);C组:KM(供体) →KM(受体)组(n=10). 术前不禁食水,术后灯照保暖3 h,禁食水6 h. 供受体均为清洁手术. 速眠新Ⅱ(军需大学军事兽医研究所)肌肉注射麻醉,缝合采用90尼龙缝线(上海精仪医疗器械厂). 手术在显微镜(GSXⅡ手术放大镜,天津光学仪器厂)下进行,双人操作.
1.2方法速眠新Ⅱ, 1 mL/kg肌肉注射麻醉. ① 供体手术: 供体取颈前正中切口,游离气管,取6个软骨环长度气管一段,4℃生理盐水冲洗,供体在4℃生理盐水中准备,去除肌肉等组织备用. ② 受体手术: 同供体手术,游离气管,于环状软骨下第4个软骨环处切开气管,先不切断,将供体气管尾侧同受体尾侧气管12点处缝合一针,暂不打结,完全切断气管,分别于尾侧气管4点及8点方位各缝合一针,注意供受体气管对合整齐,最后将12点处缝线打结. 保持受体小鼠呼吸平稳,将头侧受体气管剪除2个气管环,照前述方法缝合头侧气管,将两侧颈部肌肉覆被移植气管后缝合. 将颌下腺向下牵拉覆盖术野,缝合皮肤.
1.3检测指标① 手术时间及存活情况. ② 大体表现. ③ 病理学观察:苏木素伊红染色后光镜观察. ④ 移植后上皮超微结构:取移植后35 d气管,固定,干燥后喷金,用扫描电镜(S520,日本日立公司)观察移植气管中段上皮生长及分化情况. ⑤ 根据Nakanishi等[3]标准进行评分: 0分(无上皮覆盖);1分(单层上皮覆盖);2分(复层上皮覆盖);3分(正常假复层纤毛柱状上皮覆盖). 观察各上皮覆盖的长度占总观测长度的百分比,以两者乘积的和为上皮积分. ⑥ 软骨破坏程度:随机计数6个高倍视野(×400)下无核软骨细胞及软骨细胞总数,计算无核软骨细胞数/软骨细胞总数,计算其平均值. ⑦ 淋巴细胞浸润程度:随机计数6个高倍视野(×400)下淋巴细胞数,计算其平均值.
统计学处理: 计量数据用x±s表示. 组间比较采用ANOVA,组间方差不齐时采用KruskalWalllis H检验. 采用SPSS11.5统计软件包处理数据,以P<0.05为有统计学意义.
2结果
2.1实验动物手术时间及存活情况所有手术时间均未超过70 min. A组: 全部存活至预杀期35 d. 术后第2~3日开始出现哮鸣音,第8~9日达到最重,然后稍有缓解,但到预杀期一直存在;B组: 全部存活至预杀期. 术后第2日有2只小鼠出现哮鸣音,5 d后缓解,其余小鼠未出现哮鸣音. C组: 术后第3, 14日分别有2只小鼠死亡,死因均为呼吸困难,其余全部存活至预杀期. 术后第2~3日开始出现哮鸣,第7~8日达到最重,一直持续到预杀期,缓解不明显.
2.2移植后气管大体表现A组: 吻合口愈合良好,移植气管周