【关键词】 纳米银涂层尿管;抗菌作用;对比研究
Clinical contrast study of antibacterial action by urinary catheters coated with nanometersilver
【Abstract】 AIM: To study the antibacterial action of urinary catheters coated with nanometersilver. METHODS: Catheterized patients in neurosurgery department were randomly divided into 2 groups:ordinary urinary catheter group and urinary catheter coated with nanometersilver group. After the patients with catheterization time less than 7 d were rejected, all 30 patients were studied including 17 with urinary catheter coated with nanometersilver and 13 with ordinary urinary catheter. Urine routine and urine culture were done before and 7, 14, 21, 28 d after urethral catheterization. The end of urinary catheters was cultured after a urinary catheter was pulled out. RESULTS: The positive number of urinary leukocytes before and 7, 14, 21, 28 d after urethral catheterization was 1, 5, 6, 8, 9, respectively for ordinary urinary catheter group,but for urinary catheter coated with nanometersilver group it was 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, respectively (P<0.05). The positive number of urine culture before and 7, 14, 21, 28 d after urethral catheterization was 0, 3, 5, 7, 8, respectively for ordinary urinary catheter group, but for urinary catheter coated with nanometersilver group it was 0, 0, 1, 3, 4, respectively (P<0.05). The Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureaus, Streptococcus viridans and Proteus species were found in 3, 4, 3, 1, 2 cases respectively in urine culture for ordinaryurinary catheter group, but for urinary catheter coated with nanometersilver group those were found in 2, 1, 1, 1, 0 cases respectively. Those microorganisms were found in 8, 3, 4, 3, 2 cases respectively in urinary catheter culture for ordinary urinary catheter group, but for urinary catheter coated with nanometersilver group, they were found in 3, 1, 2, 0, 1 cases respectively (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Catheters coated with nanometersilver have an antibacterial action.
【Keywords】 catheters coated with nanometersilver; antibacterial action; contrast study
【摘要】 目的:研究纳米银涂层尿管的抗菌作用. 方法:神经外科留置导尿患者30例,随机分为纳米银抗菌尿管组、普通尿管组,留置尿管时间小于7 d者剔除,达到入组要求患者30例,其中纳米银抗菌尿管组17例、普通尿管组13例,导尿前、导尿后7,14,21,信捷职称论文写作发表网,28 d留取中段尿查白细胞、细菌培养,拔除尿管后,尿管末端行细菌培养. 结果:导尿前、导尿后7,14,21,28 d普通尿管组尿白细胞阳性数分别为1,5,6,8,9;纳米银抗菌尿管组分别为0,1,2,4,5;普通尿管组尿培养阳性数分别为0,3,5,7,8,纳米银抗菌尿管组分别为0,0,1,3,4,后者明显降低(P<0.05). 尿培养普通尿管组大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、草绿色链球菌、变形杆菌分别为3,4,3,1,2例次;纳米银抗菌尿管组为2,1,1,1,0例次. 尿管培养普通尿管组大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、草绿色链球菌、变形杆菌分别为8,3,4,3,2例次;纳米银抗菌尿管组为3,1,2,0,1,后者低于前者(P<0.05). 结论:纳米银涂层尿管具有一定抗菌作用.
【关键词】 纳米银涂层尿管;抗菌作用;对比研究
0引言
在所有医院内感染中,约80%与留置尿管有关,并且留置尿管患者每天尿路感染以5%速度增加,长期留置尿管患者几乎100%会出现尿路感染[1]. 反复应用抗菌素,还会产生耐药菌[2]. 近年来通过改变尿管材质,以减少长期留置尿管患者尿路感染的机会,越来越引起人们的注意. Liedberg等[3]曾报道漆包银尿管具有广泛抗菌作用,其后张萍[4]等体外试验显示普通尿管被覆银后对大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli),铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa),金黄色葡萄菌(Staphylococcus aureaus)具有强大的杀灭作用. 近年来关于银离子包被尿管抗菌作用的研究逐渐增多[5-7],但是仍有许多不同看法,还没有形成统一认识[8]. 我们以普通尿管为对照,随机分组,研究纳米银涂层硅橡胶管长期留置导尿的抗菌作用.
1对象和方法
1.1对象200411/200506我院神经外科留置导尿患者30(男21,女9)例,年龄17~77(48.4±14.1)岁,留置尿管时间不小于1 wk,其中纳米银抗菌尿管组17例、普通尿管组13例. 两组病例的性病、年龄、病种特征、留置时间进行了均衡性检验,无统计学差异.
1.2方法按标准导尿[9]方法由科内指定一名经验丰富的主管护师完成,采用5 g/L碘伏消毒,尿管连接抗返流密闭尿袋. 导尿后隔日按标准[10]方法应用0.2 g/L呋喃西林500 mL由科内指定一名经验丰富的主管护师进行膀胱冲洗. 导尿前、导尿后7,14,21,28 d留取尿液查白细胞,行细菌培养,拔除尿管后,尿管末端行细菌培养及细菌分类,最长留置尿管时间28 d.
统计学处理:应用SPSS 10.0统计软件处理数据,采用精确概率进行统计分析,以α=0.05为显著性水准.
2结果
纳米银抗菌尿管组17例、普通尿管组13例,留置时间7~13 d者普通尿管组1例,纳米银抗菌尿管1例;留置时间14~20 d者普通尿管组2例,纳米银抗菌尿管1例;留置时间21~27 d者普通尿管组1例,纳米银抗菌尿管3例;留置时间28 d者普通尿管组9例,纳米银抗菌尿管12例.
导尿前、导尿后7,14,21,28 d普通尿管组尿白细胞阳性数分别为1,5,6,8,9;纳米银抗菌尿管组分别为0,1,2,4,5;普通尿管组尿培养阳性数分别为0,3,5,7,8,纳米银抗菌尿管组分别为0,0,1,3,4,后者明显降低(P<0.05). 尿培养普通尿管组大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、草绿色链球菌、变形杆菌分别为3,4,3,1,2例次;纳米银抗菌尿管组为2,1,1,1,0例次. 尿管培养普通尿管组大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、草绿色链球菌、变形杆菌分别为8,3,4,3,2;纳米银抗菌尿管组为3,1,2,0,1,后者低于前者(P<0.05).
3讨论
与人工关节、心脏起搏器等体内植入材料一样,尿管作为人体异物,容易引起细菌驻留,形成生物膜,生物膜中的细菌其生物特性不同于自由细菌,具有较强的抗药特性,并且容易躲避人体免疫机制的杀伤. 如何破坏生物膜的形成是治疗长期留置尿管患者尿路感染的关键[5,11]. 阻止生物膜形成的一个重要方法就是改变尿管的表面,使其具有杀灭病原微生物的作用. 银粒子作为一种古老的抗菌剂,越来越引起人们的重视,银粒子不仅可以在较低浓度杀灭细菌,而且无耐药性的发生,同时因为具有较好组织相容性,且不容易引起组织异物反应.
低浓度的银离子对微生物就具有杀灭作用,作用机制尚不清楚. 一般认为植入物表面金属银逐渐氧化形成氧化银,释放银离子,银离子通过干扰电子运输、作用于细胞膜从而影响细胞内酶的活性、凝固细胞内蛋白质、凝固及破坏DNA分子等多种途径完成对细菌的杀灭作用[5,12]. 一般而言,在植入器