8.肺癌:研究发现肺鳞癌的bcl-1扩增率比其他非小细胞癌高,并与恶性程度和高ki-67标记指数相关[13]。目前,各种研究对cyclin D1过度表达的预后意义看法尚不一致。
9.皮肤恶性肿瘤:与正常皮肤和良性病损相比,cyclin D1蛋白在各种恶性皮肤肿瘤中的表达显著升高,包括鳞癌、黑色素瘤和恶性纤维组织细胞瘤等[14]。研究也提示cyclin D1(及其他G1期cyclins)与皮肤肿瘤发生过程有关。
10.肉瘤:CCND1基因扩增仅在小部分肉瘤中有发现,但部分病例的cyclin D1蛋白过度表达可能是由突变蛋白的稳定性增强所致[2]。
11.其他部位:中枢神经系统恶性肿瘤如恶性星形细胞瘤和胶质母细胞瘤,以及胃腺癌和胆囊鳞癌均发现有cyclin D1扩增和过度表达。只有少数人类肿瘤尚未进行cyclin D1的研究,包括垂体瘤、前列腺癌及多种造血系统恶性肿瘤等。它们中的某些可能也存在与cyclin D1的关系。由于cyclin D1与人类多种肿瘤存在相关性,一些作者将其推荐为又一个“年度分子”。
四、结语
cyclin D1在人类多种肿瘤中的作用说明了细胞周期改变在肿瘤发生中的重要性。cyclin D1不仅在肿瘤发病机制的研究中具有理论意义,还是诊断套细胞淋巴瘤的有用手段。在其他恶性肿瘤中,cyclin D1可为治疗提供重要的预后信息。将来,cyclin D1基因和(或)蛋白还可能在免疫治疗中占有一席之地。在此之前,研究人员需将该分子在肿瘤中的意义完全阐明。
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