不同类型的VCF其血栓拦截能力有所不同,同时其并发症的种类和发病率也有区别,只有真正的了解这些特点,才能够选择适当的VCF用于患者。同时,术前必要的影像学检查,来了解下腔静脉和VCF放置通路的情况;术中必要的下腔静脉造影和操作要点的实施;以及术后严格的抗凝治疗,是确保VCF放置成功、有效预防PE的发生、避免或降低并发症出现的关键。
总之,VCF仍有相对较高的并发症发病率,VCF其远期结果尚不明确。因此,需要滤器得到进一步的改进,同时需要国产滤器来降低患者的医疗费用。
我们认为严格掌握手术指征和患者的意愿都是很重要的。而且需要强调的是VCF置入术对大多数DVT患者并不是必需的。首先,严格的抗凝治疗可以有效地降低PE的发病率,国外的研究证实,在正规抗凝治疗下,PE的发生率仅为5%[2]。我科有20余年治疗下肢DVT的经验,每年治疗急性DVT患者200余例,行VCF置入术者只有89例(同期滤器放置率大约为7.4%),其他患者在急性期给予抗凝治疗和绝对卧床,在住院治疗和随访期间,无致命性PE发生,有临床症状的PE发病率极低。据统计放置滤器数目美国为每年140个/百万人口,而我国仅为每年2.5个/百万人口[11],对于国人是否需要积极的放置滤器尚需要大宗的流行病学统计来提供资料。
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