论高同型半胱氨酸血症与出生缺陷(3)
作者:佚名; 更新时间:2014-12-12
3.3 HCY与DNA的甲基化水平
高HCY伴有S-腺苷HCY积聚,是体内所有甲基转移反应的竞争抑制剂,可干扰DNA甲基化反应,使DNA低甲基化,从而改变基因表达,引起心血管疾病[10]。
3.4 HCY与基因的功能
HCY的致病作用涉及多种基因的变化,并具有时间、空间的依赖性。应用微阵列基因表达谱分析发现HCY诱导65个已知功能基因的转录改变,包括以下方面:细胞的迁移与粘附、HCY代谢、DNA / RNA相互作用、细胞的增殖与凋亡等[11]。
以上提示HCY代谢异常是诱发胎儿出生缺陷和血管疾病的一个独立的危险因素,并认为HCY代谢异常在先心病的发病机制中起着重要的作用。虽然国内国外学者作了大量的研究,但是HCY确切致病机理尚不十分了解。它可能是一种细胞毒素和基因毒素。
4.高HCY血症的防治
因病因不同,高HCY血症的防治措施不同。可以从抑制HCY的生成、促进其代谢和对抗其作用等三方面来进行。补充叶酸、维生素B6和B12是防治高HCY血症最经济有效的方法。
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