浅论对慢性肝病的认识及治疗
作者:佚名; 更新时间:2014-12-13

  【关键词】慢性肝病;认识;治疗方法
  【摘要】慢性肝病属中医学积聚、肋痛、黄疸、鼓胀等范畴,是由感受疫毒,情志郁结,劳欲过度,酒食不节等伤及肝经,损及肝络,迁延日久,渐积而成,是由“毒、痰、湿、热、瘀、虚”综合而复杂的病机所至,多种病机交织缠绵贯穿于该病的全过程,只是在不同阶段和具体证型中有所侧重而已,临床证候虚实相兼,错综复杂,以肝功损害,肝纤维化为主要病理改变,本虚标实,瘀热痰毒阻滞肝络为其病机特点。笔者采用疏通化纤法的运用,疏通化纤法的具体治则为清肝利胆解毒,凉血逐瘀通络,化瘀软坚散结,养肝益肾健脾,调节气机升降。其基本原则就是“通”。 疏通化纤法是针对慢性肝病肝纤维化,瘀、热、湿、痰、毒阻滞肝络的病机特点,以中医疏通理论为指导,通过疏通肝脏瘀滞,清除肝内炎症性瘀积,以达到恢复肝功能,抗肝纤维化为治疗目的的一种中医治疗方法。
  Shallowly discusses to the chronic hepatism understanding and the treatment Chen Ying
  【Abstract】Chronic hepatism is the traditional Chinese medicine agglomeration, the rib pain, category and so on Huang Dan, ballooning, is by the feeling epidemic disease poison, the sentiment will depressed, the fatigue wants excessively, wound and the liver and so on food and wine not festival will pass through, damages and the liver winds, procrastinates in the course of time, gradually accumulates becomes, will be by “the poison, the phlegm, is wet empty, the heat, the stasis,” the synthesis but the complex pathogenesis to, the many kinds of pathogenesis will interweave tangled up pass through the entire process which
  for be one’s turn
  will get sick, only will be has the stress in the different stage and in the concrete card, clinical card period of five days empty dharmadhatu concurrently, intriguing, by liver function harm, The liver textile fiber changes into the main pathology change, this empty sign is solid, the stasis hot phlegm poisonous hinders the liver to wind for its pathogenesis characteristic. The author uses dredges the chemical fiber method utilization, dredges the chemical fiber method specifically to govern for the clear liver favorable gallbladder disintoxicating, cool the blood passes by the stasis winds, chemotherapy stasis of blood soft firmly relieves congestion, raises the liver profit kidney to be good for the spleen, adjusts the internal combustion engine to rise and fall. Its basic principle is “passes”. Dredges the chemical fiber law is aims at the chronic hepatism liver fibrosis, the stasis, the heat, are wet poisonously, the phlegm, hinders the pathogenesis characteristic which the liver winds, dredges the theory take the Chinese medicine as the instruction, through dredges the liver stasis to stagnate, eliminates in the liver the inflammation stasis product, achieved restores the liver function, the anti- liver textile fiber changes into the treatment goal one Chinese medicine method of treatment.
  【Key words】Chronic hepatism;Understanding; Method of treatment
  
  1 肝的生理功能、认识、治疗
  
   肝,阴中之阳脏,魂之处,血之藏,筋之主,其为风木之脏,主疏泄而藏血。疏泄指肝对于全身的气机、血液、水道、津液等方面具有疏通、畅达、宣泄的功能和特性。以保持肝本身功能和其他脏腑功能活动的重要条件。肝藏血,指肝具贮藏血液,调节血量的生理功能,即“肝主血海”也。二者是相辅相成、相互影响的,肝疏泄正常、气机调畅、血运畅达、藏血才能保障;反之也只有肝的藏血功能正常,肝血充足,肝木得养,其疏泄始能正常发挥,故前人有“肝体阴而用阳”之说。肝之藏血,其体为阴,是疏泄功能的物质基础,也是肝本身乃至其他脏腑功能活动正常进行的物质基础。朱丹溪有云:阳常有余,阴常不足,气常有余,血常不足。何况阳主动,阴主静,人体常居阳动状态之中,精血、阴气最易耗散。故此示人保护阴精,强调养阴在养生、治疗上的重要性。具体对肝脏而言,肝常行疏泄功能,居阳动状态,肝体精血则易耗散而常虚。
  慢性肝病(包括慢性肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌、脂肪肝)属中医学积聚、肋痛、黄疸、鼓胀等范畴,是由感受疫毒,情志郁结,劳欲过度,酒食不节等伤及肝经,损及肝络,迁延日久,渐积而成,是由“毒、痰、湿、热、瘀、虚”综合而复杂的病机所至,多种病机交织缠绵贯穿于该病的全过程,只是在不同阶段和具体证型中有所侧重而已,临床证候虚实相兼,错综复杂,以肝功损害,肝纤维化为主要病理改变,本虚标实,瘀热痰毒阻滞肝络为其病机特点。
  慢性肝病时气血不畅,肝脏疏泄条达功能下降,各类管道失其通利,瘀热痰湿毒阻滞肝络,肝实质长期反复受损,致使肝纤维增生与降解的平衡状态被打破,使增生多于降解,从而引起肝纤维化、肝硬化、肝癌。疏通化纤法是顺应肝喜条达之特性,以通为法,通过疏通肝脏管道系统,清除肝内的瘀热痰湿毒,使肝脏恢复通的状态,即可达到恢复肝功能,抗肝纤维化的作用。
  肝炎病毒造成的肝脏损害,是一个慢性变态性损害过程,致使肝细胞炎症、肿大、炎症渗出物、肝细胞外基质增多,肝细胞膜(壁)表面大量纤维增生,如乱麻状(电镜下)包绕肝细胞表面→细胞壁增厚→“通透性”下降→代谢障碍→肝细胞进一步肿大→使细胞与细胞之间的血流(肝窦)挤压→形成肝脏缺血性淤滞→肝细胞坏死→纤维化、细胞坏死与纤维增生(汇管区)相交替→形成恶性循环、导致肝血流梗阻,门脉系病变(门静脉压增高、腹水、脾大或出血等)。故肝细胞炎症性肿大能否得到恢复、肝纤维化能否被吸收,这直接影响着肝血流的通畅、微循环的改善、肝功能的恢复。对病人生命的预后有着决定性意义,疏通化纤法正是针对这一症结而诞生。
  经临床应用该疗法治疗肝病,机理重在疏通肝脏瘀滞,改善肝脏微循环,增加肝脏血流量,降低肝循环阻力,促进胆汁排泄,减轻肝内胆汁瘀积,加速病毒排除,调节免疫功能,抑制肝脏炎症,消除肝细胞肿胀,促进肝细胞再生,抑制肝纤维组织增生,促进肝纤维的降解与吸收,特别是促进包绕在肝细胞表面纤维的吸收,可改善肝细胞的“通透性”,促进肝细胞的代谢,能从根本上恢复肝细胞功能,可逆转肝脏病理性损伤,在肝脏病理恢复方面优于其他疗法,是治疗肝病的根治性疗法。
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