甲基强的松龙治疗多发性硬化的机制(2)
作者:佚名; 更新时间:2014-12-13
8激活细胞因子级联反应的上游. 类固醇能够在时间/浓度-依赖的模式抑制IL18以及其他继发的细胞因子的产生[13].




 
  MP冲击治疗能够同时减少外周血白细胞INFγ, TNFα以及IL2三者mRNA的表达[14]. 在治疗过程中,IL2和INFγ的产生减少,但在治疗后24 h会回升到基线水平,但对细胞因子的某些影响可以持续到治疗后的数月. 细胞因子变化的趋势很复杂,MP在疾病的不同阶段对细胞因子的影响可能不同. 具体来说,与缓解期相比,在复发期MP有可能降低分泌IL2, IL2R, INFγ及IL4的细胞的浓度[15]. IL10主要是由单核细胞和Th2细胞分泌,能够抑制IL12的产生. MP能够上调抗炎细胞因子IL10的产生,其可能机制是在MP浓度较低时,单核细胞IL10的产生增加[16]. 矛盾的是,MP有可能减少抗炎因子IL6和IL8的产生[17]. IL6可诱导B细胞产生抗体,但奇怪的是,MP抑制IL6诱导的IgG抗体的产生,却增强IL6诱导的IgM抗体的产生[18].
 
  3.5其他毒性物质的产生局部的炎症分子有可能破坏少突胶质细胞,其中之一就是NO. NO参于小胶质细胞吞噬少突胶质细胞的过程,且INFγ和TNFα都能在星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞中诱导iNO[18]. 目前,在MS病灶中已经发现iNOS的表达[19]. 而且,NO和TNFα都能破坏髓鞘并诱导巨噬细胞对髓鞘的吞噬作用[6]. 因此在炎症阶段有可能诱导少突胶质细胞为NO所破坏. 已经发现,在临床确诊的MS患者中NO的降解产物增加,且脑脊液中这些降解产物的高浓度与MS发作持续的时间长短有关. 在MP冲击治疗之后这些降解产物的浓度并不改变,但高浓度的这种降解物与更显著的治疗反应有关. 但MP治疗可以减少TNFα的产生,而TNFα发挥效应部分是通过激活致炎转录因子NFkB,进而上调iNOS的基因而产生毒性的. 因此MP治疗可以通过TNFα减少NO的产生,从而减少毒性效应.

  4展望

  从上述讨论不难看出, MP治疗MS可能主要是通过以下几个方面:导致异常自身活性的T细胞凋亡,减少异常自身活性的T细胞透过血脑屏障,影响CD4+T细胞在中枢神经系统内的激活,减少某些致炎细胞因子以及NO的产生等五大方面来发挥效应的. 然而,上述每一个治疗机制可能都是相互联系的,不能孤立看待. 比如,减少了异常活性T细胞透过血脑屏障的数目,自然会减轻CD4+T细胞在中枢神经系统中激活的程度,那么进而会减少致炎细胞因子的分泌,而TNFα分泌的减少又会减少iNOS的合成. 但这些治疗机制中谁处于主导地位,是否概括了所有的可能治疗机制,目前均不清楚,这需要未来进一步的研究.

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