作者:张海1,师长宏1,王丽梅2,薛莹2,柏银兰2,徐志凯
【关键词】 分枝杆菌,结核;疫苗,DNA;ESAT6;CFP10;融合蛋白;免疫原性
Immunogenicity of DNA vaccine expressing ESAT6CFP10 fusion protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
【Abstract】 AIM: To evaluate the humoral and cellular immune response induced by the DNA vaccine expressing ESAT6CFP10 fusion protein and to test its protective efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) challenge. METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly three times with 100 μg recombinant plasmid pcDNAe6c10. Two weeks after last immunization, the specific antibody titer and the stimulation index(SI) of spleen lymphocytes from the immunized mice were measured, and the levels of IFNγ and IL2 and the activity of antigenspecific CTL were detected. The DNA vaccinevaccinated BALB/c mice were infected with 1×105 CFU(colony forming unit) MTB H37Rv through tail vein. Four weeks later, the bacteria load in spleen was determined. RESULTS: The titer of serum specific antibody in BALB/c mice immunized with DNA vaccine was 1∶800. The SI of DNA vaccineimmunized groups(2.42±0.13) was significantly higher than that of salineimmunized group. The IFNγ[(2449±12) ng/L]induced by DNA vaccine was not different from that in bacillus calmette guerin(BCG)immunized group, while IL2[(198±16) ng/L] induced by DNA vaccine had significant difference from that of salineimmunized group and was lower than that of BCGimmunized group. The antigenspecific CTL efficacy was 42%. Compared with the saline immunized mice (bacteria load was 6.51±0.13), a dramatic reduction of MTB replication was observed in the spleen (bacteria load was 4.51±0.23, P<0.05) of BALB/c mice immunized with DNA vaccine following a subsequent challenge, but the protective efficacy of DNA vaccine was lower than that of BCG vaccine. CONCLUSION: DNA vaccine expressing ESAT6CFP10 fusion protein has a immunotherapeutic effect to prevent tuberculosis.
【Keywords】 Mycobacterium tuberculosis; vaccines, DNA; ESAT6; CFP10; fusion protein; immunogenicity
【摘要】 目的: 研究表达结核分枝杆菌ESAT6CFP10融合蛋白DNA疫苗在小鼠体内诱导的体液和细胞免疫应答以及对结核分枝杆菌(MTB)感染小鼠的保护能力. 方法: 以100 μg重组质粒pcDNAe6c10接种BALB/c小鼠腓前肌,共免疫3次. 末次免疫结束2 wk后,检测免疫小鼠特异性抗体滴度、淋巴细胞增殖指数、CTL杀伤效应以及诱导IFNγ和IL2水平. 另一部分免疫的BALB/c小鼠以1×105 MTB毒株H37Rv经尾静脉进行攻击,4 wk后计数脾脏细菌负荷数,观察免疫小鼠对MTB抵抗作用. 结果: 表达ESAT6CFP10融合蛋白DNA疫苗免疫小鼠血清特异性抗体滴度为1∶800. 淋巴细胞刺激增殖指数为2.42±0.13,显著高于生理盐水对照组;免疫小鼠诱导IFNγ含量(2449±12)ng/L与卡介苗(BCG)组无明显差异,IL2含量(198±16)ng/L不及BCG免疫组,但显著高于生理盐水对照组;同时融合蛋白诱导的CTL杀伤率为42%. 与生理盐水免疫组(细菌负荷6.51±0.13)相比较,DNA疫苗免疫的BALB/c小鼠对攻击感染后MTB在脾脏中增殖有较明显抵抗作用(细菌负荷4.51±0.23,P<0.05),但与BCG免疫组相比脾脏细菌负荷无明显减少. 结论: 表达ESAT6CFP10融合蛋白DNA疫苗能在结核病预防中有一定免疫治疗作用.
【关键词】 分枝杆菌,结核;疫苗,DNA;ESAT6;CFP10;融合蛋白;免疫原性
0引言
研究认为卡介苗(bacillus calmette querin, BCG)可预防并减轻儿童的严重结核病(tuberculosis, TB),但对成人TB的预防作用从0到80%不等[1]. 因此急需研究一种比BCG更好的疫苗来控制该病的传播与蔓延. ESAT6抗原是结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTB)早期分泌性低分子质量蛋白,能诱导机体产生强烈T细胞免疫应答和释放高水平IFNγ. 许多研究表明ESAT6蛋白具有良好的抗原刺激性并能被大多数TB患者所识别. 近年来又发现另一种低分子质量MTB培养滤液蛋白CFP10,CFP10与ESAT6同属于ESAT6家族,且由同一操纵子调控,与ESAT6相同的是,CFP10也是免疫优势抗原,能诱导机体产生强烈免疫应答[2]. 为了全面评估表达ESAT6CFP10融合蛋白DNA疫苗免疫学特性,我们研究了此种疫苗在小鼠体内诱导的体液和细胞免疫应答水平,同时测定免疫小鼠对MTB毒株H37Rv攻击的保护力,以了解其对TB的预防作用.
1材料和方法
1.1材料pcDNAe6c10重组质粒[3]由本室构建. MTB H37Rv毒株由陕西省结核病防治研究所王瑞副主任技师馈赠. BCG疫苗株(陕西省生物制品研究所). 鼠IFNγ, IL2 ELISA检测试剂盒(深圳晶美生物工程公司),CTL检测试剂盒(Promega公司). 7H9液体培养基,BCG培养增强剂(albumindextrosecatalase, ADC)(Gibco公司). 6~8周龄 BALB/c小鼠80只,雄性(第四军医大学实验动物中心提供),饲养于该中心P3实验室.
1.2方法
1.2.1BCG和MTB毒株H37Rv的培养和定量BCG疫苗株接种到7H9液体培养基(含100 g/L ADC 和0.5 g/L Tween80),37℃振荡培养3 wk,5000 r/min离心10 min,收集细菌,保存于-20℃备用. 用7H9液体培养基系列稀释浓缩液,接种于罗氏培养基37℃培养2 wk,计数浓缩液细菌的克隆形成单位(CFU). MTB毒株H37Rv接种到7H9液体培养基,按以上方法培养、收集,并计数细菌的CFU.
1.2.2MTB 培养滤液蛋白(CFP)的制备取少量MTB H37Rv株接种于7H9液体培养基,37℃震荡培养3 wk,液体培养物以11 000 g离心10 min,上清液过滤除菌后,加入终浓度为750 g/L的饱和硫酸铵盐析,沉淀溶于PBS. 用大量PBS溶液透析,再次过滤除菌后,紫外分光光度计法计算蛋白含量,用灭菌的PBS调整蛋白浓度为25 mg/L,-20℃保存备用.
1.2.3重组质粒大量提取将pcDNAe6c10阳性克隆菌接种于5 mL LB液体培养基(含氨苄青霉素0.1 mg/L),37℃振荡培养过夜. 次日按1∶100 的比例扩大培养20 h. 质粒的大量提取及纯化按文献[4]进行.
1.2.4动物免疫实验共分4组,每组20只,第1组以重组质粒pcDNAe6c10免疫,接种前小鼠后肢大腿内侧多点肌注2.5 g/L盐酸布吡卡因50 μL,24 h后在一侧同一部位多点注射质粒,50 μg /次;以同样的方法每隔2 wk在相同部位注射相同剂量,共免疫3次. 第2组为BCG免疫组,以0.2 mL(1×105 CFU)的BCG经尾静脉途径接种小鼠,第3组为生理盐水对照组. 末次免疫结束2 wk后,每组取10只小鼠用于测定淋巴细胞增殖指数、CTL杀伤效应以及IFNγ和IL2水平. 另设一组以0.2 mL(1×105 CFU)的H37Rv毒株只免疫一次,仅检测其诱导的CTL杀伤效应. 三组免疫接种时间均与DNA疫苗初免时间相同.
1.2.5小鼠血清抗体滴度的检测间接ELISA方法测定免疫小鼠血清中抗ESAT6CFP10融合蛋白特异性抗体滴度. 用MTB CFP 10 μg/孔包被酶联板进行检测.
1.2.6脾淋巴细胞的分离与制备将免疫小鼠断颈处死,无菌取脾脏,置于200目的钢网上,以注射器针芯研磨,并加入RPMI1640培养液冲洗,将上述细胞悬液转入2倍体积的淋巴细胞分离液,1000 r/min离