3.2牙移动中P2X3受体在三叉神经节中的表达变化我们的实验显示在牙移动时P2X3生了上调的现象,提示牙移动时造成了一定的神经伤害,矫治力使牙齿一侧神经受压另一侧受牵张,损伤导致三磷酸腺苷ATP时释放出来,对伤害性感受器起激活作用,而P2X3这个特殊的离子通道贯穿于神经元胞膜内外,当ATP在细胞外部与其结合时就开放.从而激活了三叉神经节中部分未表达或表达较弱的细胞,使组织中的基因和蛋白表达的效率增加, P2X3受体免疫反应上升可能是在受损后P2X3的合成增加为中枢神经末端提供新的受体而造成的结果,此外免疫组织化学研究结果显示轻力组的P2X3受体免疫反应弱于重力组,提示在正畸牙移动时,轻力造成的疼痛伤害较轻,对临床上提倡轻力矫治提供一个佐证,但合适的力值范围值得进一步研究.
本研究结果发现P2X3的表达在1 wk或2 wk后出现降低,这可能是局部组织已逐渐适应外界刺激的原因,也说明P2X3的表达变化可随刺激而变化,是短时间的效应,不是一个持续的变化,也暗合了牙移动的一过性疼痛规律,提示P2X3的表达在牙移动疼痛中的可能重要位置. 最近的研究显示P2X3也许不是急性疼痛的主要介导[13],而是主要在慢性炎症及神经病理性疼痛中表达[14],结合本实验结果从疼痛类型提示了P2X3的表达变化在矫治力引起的慢性疼痛中的重要作用.
3.3牙移动中P2X3受体变化与其他痛觉模型中变化本实验结果与Eriksson等[12]报道在三叉神经的分支神经受损伤但神经元保持完整的情况下P2X3受体的表达是呈现瞬时的上调及持续增加的结果基本相一致. 可以看出在神经损伤时如果神经元保持完整,则表达是呈现上调趋势,如果神经元受损,则出现下调趋势,而牙移动是由于牙周神经或牙髓神经受到损伤,是三叉神经感觉神经分支末梢受损,没有损伤到神经节的感觉神经元,神经元保持完整,故其中P2X3的表达呈现出上调的趋势. 因而从一定意义上我们可以将牙移动模型看为一种局部神经损伤模型.
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