作者:牛丽文,杨镇,肖亮,张爱龙,李岽健,乌剑利
【关键词】 ,血吸虫病,日本;肝硬化;维生素E;氧化性应激;肝星状细胞;胶原I型
【Abstract】 AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effect of vitamin E(Vit E) and its mechanisms on liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice. METHODS: Mice were infected with Schistosoma japonicum cercariae percutaneously, and were divided into 5 groups: normal control group, model group, and intervention groups which were treated with three different doses of Vit E, 150, 50, and 5 mg/kg. That live fibrosis reached gradeⅡ or above was considered to be a marker of therapeutic start. The mice were killed at the end of the 8th week. Liver lesions were evaluated using HE and VG staining. Immunohistochemistry for αsmooth muscle actin (αSMA) as an activated hepatic stellate cell(HSC) marker was performed to detect and quantify activated HSC by SP technique. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in liver tissue were determined by spectrophotometric method. The α1(I) procollagen mRNA expression was measured by RTPCR. RESULTS: Vit E reduced MDA content [(5.00±0.31) μmol/g vs (11.66±1.84) μmol/g, P<0.05] and increased SOD activity[(249.84±26.22) μkat/g vs (120.11±42.61) μkat/g, P<0.05] in the liver in model group in a dosedependent manner. Besides, Vit E decreased the number of αSMA positive cells [(0.41±0.02) vs (0.68±0.02), P<0.05] in a dosedependent manner. Further, Vit E diminished the increased collagen content [(0.23±0.01) vs (0.60±0.11), P<0.05] and inhibited the increased α1 (I) procollagen mRNA expression [(0.28±0.01) vs (0.85±0.15), P<0.05] in the liver in model group. CONCLUSION: Vit E has evident therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis resulted from Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice, and the mechanisms are associated with antilipid peroxidation, inhibition of HSC activation and proliferation, and reduction of α1(I) procollagen mRNA expression and collagen production by Vit E.
【Keywords】 Schistosomiasis japonica; liver cirrhosis; vitamin E; oxidative stress; hepatic stellate cell(HSC); collagen type I
【摘要】 目的: 探讨维生素E (Vit E)抗小鼠日本血吸虫病肝纤维化作用及其机制. 方法: 用日本血吸虫尾蚴皮肤敷贴法感染小鼠,构建日本血吸虫病肝纤维化模型,以肝纤维化达Ⅱ级或Ⅱ级以上作为开始Vit E治疗标志. 实验分5组: 正常对照组、模型组及Vit E高、中、低剂量组(每日150, 50, 5 mg/kg), 8 wk末处死动物,HE和VG染色对肝组织进行病理学检查,分光光度法检测肝组织丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,免疫组化SP法检测肝星状细胞(HSC)标记物α平滑肌动蛋白(αSMA)表达,RTPCR方法检测肝脏α1(I)型前胶原mRNA表达. 结果: Vit E降低模型组肝脏MDA含量[(5.00±0.31) μmol/g vs (11.66±1.84) μmol/g, P<0.05],提高SOD活性[(249.84±26.22) μkat/g vs (120.11±42.61) μkat/g, P<0.05];减少αSMA阳性表达 [(0.41±0.02) vs (0.68±0.02), P<0.05];降低肝脏胶原含量[(0.23±0.01) vs (0.60±0.11), P<0.05]和α1(I)型前胶原基因表达[(0.28±0.01) vs (0.85±0.15), P<0.05]. 结论: Vit E具有抗小鼠日本血吸虫病肝纤维化作用,其机制与抗脂质过氧化作用、抑制HSC活化和增殖、降低α1(I)型前胶原基因表达和胶原合成有关.
【关键词】 血吸虫病,日本;肝硬化;维生素E;氧化性应激;肝星状细胞;胶原I型
日本血吸虫病是我国危害最大的寄生虫病之一,而肝纤维化是日本血吸虫病致死和形成严重并发症最重要的原因. 研究表明,在血吸虫病肝纤维化形成过程中,氧化应激发挥重要作用,参与血吸虫对宿主的损伤,自由基可能是血吸虫病主要的致病因素[1]. Vit E作为机体防御氧化应激损伤的重要抗氧化剂,已应用于治疗肝纤维化,但有关Vit E抗日本血吸虫病肝纤维化作用的研究国内外报道甚少,而Vit E治疗血吸虫病肝纤维化的作用机制尚未见文献报道. 我们观察Vit E抗日本血吸虫病肝纤维化作用,探讨其机制如下.
1材料和方法
1.1材料健康雄性昆明小鼠(18~22) g及日本血吸虫尾蚴阳性钉螺(湖北省血吸虫病防治研究所),皮肤敷贴法感染日本血吸虫尾蚴(20±1)条/只,于感染后8, 10, 12 wk末分别处死6只小鼠后取肝组织进行病理学检查,以肝纤维化达Ⅱ级或Ⅱ级以上作为Vit E开始治疗的标志,即在12 wk末开始给予Vit E治疗. 32只感染小鼠分为4组,每组8只: 1组,模型组;2组,Vit E高剂量组(Vit E每日150 mg/kg);3组,中剂量组(50 mg/kg);4组,低剂量组(5 mg/kg). Vit E胶丸由厦门鱼肝油厂生产,剪破胶丸,用蒸馏水配制所需浓度的混悬液,灌胃给药每日1次,连续8 wk. 另取同一批健康小鼠10只作为正常对照组. 丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)测定试剂盒(南京建成生物工程研究所),免疫组化所用试剂(北京博奥申生物技术有限公司),TRIzol(美国Invitrogen),逆转录试剂盒(美国Promega),Taq酶(Gibco公司). α1(I)型前胶原引物序列参照Gen Bank,上游序列: 5′ GAG CGG AGA GTA CTG GAT CG 3′,下游序列: 5′ TGC TGT AGG TGA AGC GAC TG 3′,扩增片段为419 bp;内参照βactin引物上游序列: 5′ TGT CAC CAA CTG GGA CGA TA 3′,下游序列: 5′ AGG TCT TTA CGG ATG TCA ACG 3′,扩增片段为654 bp,引物由北京奥科生物技术有限公司合成.
1.2方法断颈处死小鼠,取肝右叶相同部位肝组织2块,1块于-70℃保存,测定肝组织匀浆MDA含量、SOD活性及肝脏α1(I)型前胶原基因表达;1块固定于100 mL/L中性甲醛,石蜡包埋,行HE和VG及αSMA免疫组化染色.
1.2.1肝组织病理学及纤维化评分常规行HE和VG染色,光镜下观察肝小叶病理变化及肝纤维化程度分级: 0级20=1,正常;Ⅰ级21=2,胶原纤维包绕虫卵肉芽肿周围;Ⅱ级22=4,汇管区有大量纤维,小叶间仅有少量纤维;Ⅲ级23=8,纤维组织大量延伸至肝小叶间. 应用HPIAS1000高清晰度彩色病理图文分析系统,每组每次测量20~30个由单个成熟虫卵形成的肉芽肿两个直角相交直径,以(最大横径+最大纵径)/2为平均值,并计算各组均值;测定VG染色切片胶原纤维灰度面积(S)和视野总面积(T),用S/T比值表示胶原含量.
1.2.2肝组织匀浆MDA含量和SOD活性测定硫代巴比妥酸比色法测定肝脏MDA含量,黄嘌呤氧化法测定SOD活性,按试剂盒说明书要求操作.
1.2.3肝脏αSMA免疫组化采用SP法,兔抗鼠αSMA抗体稀释度1∶100,用已知阳性片做阳性对照,PBS液代替一抗做阴性对照,细胞内出现棕黄色颗粒为阳性细胞. 应用HPIAS1000高清晰度彩色病理图文分析系统对αSMA免疫组化切片进行平均吸光度值检测.
1.2.4肝脏α1(I)型前胶原基因表达应用TRIzol试剂盒,参照说明提取肝组织总RNA,逆转录合成cDNA,采用20 μL反应体系. PCR反应条件: 95℃变性5 min, 94℃ 30 s, 94℃ 30 s, 52.7℃退火30 s, 72℃延伸30 s,循环30次,最后72℃终止10 min,以βactin为内参照. PCR产物分析: PCR产物经2 kg/L琼脂