(Ceramide,CM),CM通过膜结合性的丝/苏氨酸激酶等激活第二信使,使胞内Ca2+浓度升高,引发一系列的生化反应,从而激活Ca2+Mg2+依赖性核酸内切酶,引起凋亡.
左旋卡尼汀本身并不是机体的基本营养素,是脂肪酸进入线粒体进行β氧化所必需的辅助因子,可加速转运长链脂肪酸通过线粒体内膜,进入线粒体进行β氧化供能.左旋卡尼汀作为一种有效的氧自由基清除剂,在缓解氧化应激、减少脂质过氧化中均具有明显的保护作用[7].
本实验我们观察到再灌注早期给予左旋卡尼汀,家兔MI/R过程中SOD活性增加,心肌梗死面积减少,细胞AI下降,Fas蛋白表达减弱,Bcl2蛋白表达增强,表明左旋卡尼汀能抑制MI/R过程中细胞凋亡的发生. 提示在MI/R损伤中,细胞凋亡是可以预防的. 验证了左旋卡尼汀通过调节Bcl2和Fas抑制心肌细胞凋亡,可能是保护MI/R心肌的重要机制这一假设.
至于左旋卡尼汀抑制MI/R心肌细胞发生凋亡的机制,可能与左旋卡尼汀提高SOD活性,减轻细胞内Ca2+超载,抗缺血,缺氧,减少氧自由基生成、增强细胞抗氧化损伤能力,从而发挥其抗氧化、抗凋亡的细胞保护作用. 另外心肌缺血后,脂肪酸,如棕榈酸盐在血浆和心肌组织中生成增多,而棕榈酸盐被认为能促进心肌细胞凋亡[8],棕榈酸盐通过调控棕榈酰激酶(palmitoy1COA)介导的线粒体膜通透性的变化在细胞凋亡中发挥作用[9].
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