最后,地方人口的增长和剩余劳动力的增加在使一个地区向工业发展的过程中也起着一定的作用。安·库斯莫尔认为:“地方人口的增长对近代早期工业位置及其工业聚集具有决定性的作用。”[27](p139)这种估价明显太高,人口增长不是决定性的因素。在一个农业社会中,廉价的剩余劳动力总是大量存在的,但我们不能由此而说只要有剩余的劳动力就必然会产生原工业。帕特·赫德森指出:“剩余劳动力本身几乎不足以吸引和维持原工业。很清楚,接近原料供应地、市场联系和资本、企业家及劳动力的供应在原工业的位置和寿命方面都是重要的因素。”[20](p53)再说,乡村工业吸引农村劳动力并不局限于畜牧区。从17世纪中叶开始,乡村工业也传入农耕地区,莱斯特郡编织业是一个很好的例子。在莱斯特郡的威格斯顿马格纳地区,16世纪早期有很多小农,但劳动力相对较少。在1525~1625年间,由于移民进入这个相对“开放的”社区,人口翻倍。在17世纪晚期,编织业为日益增长的较穷居民提供了收入。[28](p37)因此,农业地区与畜牧业地区一样,只要有合适的条件,也能成为原工业区域。
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