中国电影一百年(1896~1996)与跨国电影研究:一个历史导引(下)(4)
作者:佚名; 更新时间:2015-02-24
研究,即好莱坞在涉及种族和性别时如何表现亚洲人的策略,见 Gina Marchetti, Romance and the "Yellow Peril": Race, Sex and Discursive Strategies in Hollywood Fiction (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993).
8. Andrew Higson, "The Concept of National Cinema," Screen 30, no. 4(1989): 37.
9.见Paul Clark, Chinese Cinema: Culture and Politics Since 1949 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987).
10. Wimal Dissanayake建议,亚洲的民族电影"可以从文本与产业这两个角度来作广泛评价。取文本的角度,我们可以从内容,风格和本土的美学这些方面去审视一个电影的独特性;而取产业的角度,我们只能从生产、销售、放映这些方面去审视电影和产业之间的关系"。见Wimal Dissanayake, ed., Colonialism and Nationalism in Asian Cinema (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994), xiii-xiv.
11. Douglas Wilkerson, "Film and the Visual Arts in China: An Introduction,"载 Cinematic Landscapes: Observations on the Visual Arts and Cinema of China and Japan, ed. Linda Ehrlich and David Desser (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994),40.
12.对中国电影艺术家做五代的划分,见George S. Semsel, ed., Chinese Film: The State of the Art in the People’s Republic (New York: Praeger, 1987), 11-14.
13.《老井》是由第四代导演吴天明执导的,张艺谋在这部电影中担任主角。吴后来成为西安电影制片厂的厂长,由于他帮助第五代导演在他的制片厂中创业,故被认为是第五代导演之父。
14.见Fredric Jameson, "Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism," Social Text 15(fall 1986): 65-88.
15. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1991),6. 正如詹明信对中国新电影风格的评论:摄影中采用"史诗般的中景"、"中全景的视角"(mid-panoramic perspective)和史诗叙述(epic narrativity),与复兴中华民族的话语之间可能存在某种联系。见Fredric Jameson," Remapping Taipei," in New Chinese Cinemas: Forms, Identities, Politics, ed. Nick Browne, Paul G. Pickowicz, Vivian Sobchack, and Esther Yau(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994),120-121.
16.见Nick Browne的"导言",载 New Chinese Cinemas, 1-11.
17.见Masao Miyoshi的有启发性的文章"A Borderless World? From Colonialism to Transnationalism and the Decline of the Nation-State," Critical Inquiry 19, no. 4(1993): 726-751。 在"全球资本主义"的有益讨论中涉及到中国方面的论述,见Arif Dirlik, After the Revolution: Waking to Global Capitalism (Hanover, N. H.: Wesleyan University Press, 1994), 以及 Arif Dirlik, "The Postcolonial Aura; Third-World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism," Critical Inquiry 20, no. 2 (1994): 328-356.
18.见William Brent, "Lights! Cameras! Action!" The China Business Review (September-October 1994): 36-39.
19.见林利生(音):《90年代中国电影的经济变更和艺术分野》,《电影艺术》1996年第3期,37-41、83页。
20. Cui Lili, "Facing the Challenge From Hollywood," Beijing Review(《北京周报》)(February 5-11, 1996):13.
21. Rex Weiner, "China Opens Its Doors to Sundance Fest," Variety, October 9-15, 1995, 13, 16; Rex Weiner, "Sundance Festival Takes Show on the Silk Road: Chinese Independents," Variety, October 16-22,1995,24.
22.对于20世纪末中国的后现代文化特征的探讨,见拙著 "Postmodernity, Popular Culture, and the Intellectual: A Report on Post-Tiananmen China," boundary 2 23, no. 2(1996):139-169; "Art, Culture, and Cultural Criticism in Post-New China," New Literary History 28, no. 1 (1997): 111-133; "Global POSTmodernIZATION: The Intellectual, the Artist, and China’s Condition," boundary 2 24, no. 3 (1997).
23.见王宁:《略论中国当代电影的两难及处境》,《电影艺术》1996年第6期,4-7页。
24.近来关于民族国际电影、民族国家、跨国主义问题的讨论,见专集 "Mediating the National," Quarterly Review of Film and Video 14, no. 3 (1993); Katherine Verdery, "Beyond the Nation in Eastern Europe," Social Text 38(spring 1994): 1-19.
25. 为了迎合西方观众,第五代电影在一定程度上采用了自我猎奇与自我色情化的方法。这种方法已获得一些成功,例如《霸王别姬》,但也出现山穷水尽的迹象。陈凯歌的《风月》在1996年的戛纳电影节上受到冷落就是一例。它的制片人徐枫对这部影片的投资远甚于《霸王别姬》。尽管有像巩俐、张国荣这样的明星加盟,但人们却对此片反应不佳。关于东方的两性的故事(这次是乱伦)在戛纳已不再受到西方观众的关注。从早期的自恋、精英分子的实验作品到极力追求商业成功与制造耸人听闻的景观--这样的转变造成陈凯歌艺术的悲剧。
26. 见 Homi K. Bhabha, The Location of Culture (London: Routledge, 1994).
27. Jameson, "Remapping Taipei," 148.
28. Jameson, "Remapping Taipei," 148.
29.见《虎门一日:〈鸦片战争〉摄制组拍摄纪实》,《中国银幕》 (1996年7-8月); Patrick E. Tyler, "In China, Letting a Hundred Films Wither," New York Times, December 1, 1996, H1, H26.
30.对于这一方面的讨论,见梁秉钧(Ping-kwan Leung):《民族电影与香港文化身份:从〈霸王别姬〉、〈棋王〉、〈阮玲玉〉看文化定位》,《今天》,第26期 (1994年秋季卷): 193-204页。
31.关于香港动作片的专著,见Bey Logan, Hong Kong Action Cinema (London: Titan Books, 1995).
32.引自 R. J. Smith, "The Coolest Actor in the World," Los Angeles Times, March 12, 1995.
33.见Hayden White, "Historiography and Historiophoty," American Historical Review 93, no. 5(1988): 1193-1199.
34.廖秉辉:《时空与性别的错乱:论〈霸王别姬〉》,《中外文学》22卷, 第1期(1993年),第6-18页。
35. Tu Wei-ming(杜维明), "Cultural China: The Periphery as the Center," Daedalus 120, no. 2(1991): 1-32.有关杜维明的观点与中国电影文化的关系的论述,见 W. A. Callahan, "Gender, Ideology, Nation: Ju Dou in the Cultural Politics of China," East-West Film Journal 7, no. 1(1993):52-80.
36.关于王颖的其他电影的讨论,见Peter Feng, "Being Chinese American, Becoming Asian American: Chan is Missing," Cinema Journal 35, no. 4(1996): 88-118.
37.这部电影根据谭恩美的同名小说改编而成,原小说生动地描写了June的提高了的自觉意识。有必要详尽地引述这段原文:
在我们的火车离开香港边界驶入中国深圳的那一刻,我有一种异样的感觉,我能感觉到额头上的皮肤热辣辣的,血在急剧奔流,骨头也因一处旧伤而隐隐作痛。我想,母亲是对的,我正在逐渐成为中国人。
我十五岁时坚决否认自己身上有任何中国人的特征,母亲说;"无可救药"。那时我是旧金山加里略高中的一名二年级学生,我的所
8. Andrew Higson, "The Concept of National Cinema," Screen 30, no. 4(1989): 37.
9.见Paul Clark, Chinese Cinema: Culture and Politics Since 1949 (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987).
10. Wimal Dissanayake建议,亚洲的民族电影"可以从文本与产业这两个角度来作广泛评价。取文本的角度,我们可以从内容,风格和本土的美学这些方面去审视一个电影的独特性;而取产业的角度,我们只能从生产、销售、放映这些方面去审视电影和产业之间的关系"。见Wimal Dissanayake, ed., Colonialism and Nationalism in Asian Cinema (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994), xiii-xiv.
11. Douglas Wilkerson, "Film and the Visual Arts in China: An Introduction,"载 Cinematic Landscapes: Observations on the Visual Arts and Cinema of China and Japan, ed. Linda Ehrlich and David Desser (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994),40.
12.对中国电影艺术家做五代的划分,见George S. Semsel, ed., Chinese Film: The State of the Art in the People’s Republic (New York: Praeger, 1987), 11-14.
13.《老井》是由第四代导演吴天明执导的,张艺谋在这部电影中担任主角。吴后来成为西安电影制片厂的厂长,由于他帮助第五代导演在他的制片厂中创业,故被认为是第五代导演之父。
14.见Fredric Jameson, "Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism," Social Text 15(fall 1986): 65-88.
15. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism (London: Verso, 1991),6. 正如詹明信对中国新电影风格的评论:摄影中采用"史诗般的中景"、"中全景的视角"(mid-panoramic perspective)和史诗叙述(epic narrativity),与复兴中华民族的话语之间可能存在某种联系。见Fredric Jameson," Remapping Taipei," in New Chinese Cinemas: Forms, Identities, Politics, ed. Nick Browne, Paul G. Pickowicz, Vivian Sobchack, and Esther Yau(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994),120-121.
16.见Nick Browne的"导言",载 New Chinese Cinemas, 1-11.
17.见Masao Miyoshi的有启发性的文章"A Borderless World? From Colonialism to Transnationalism and the Decline of the Nation-State," Critical Inquiry 19, no. 4(1993): 726-751。 在"全球资本主义"的有益讨论中涉及到中国方面的论述,见Arif Dirlik, After the Revolution: Waking to Global Capitalism (Hanover, N. H.: Wesleyan University Press, 1994), 以及 Arif Dirlik, "The Postcolonial Aura; Third-World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism," Critical Inquiry 20, no. 2 (1994): 328-356.
18.见William Brent, "Lights! Cameras! Action!" The China Business Review (September-October 1994): 36-39.
19.见林利生(音):《90年代中国电影的经济变更和艺术分野》,《电影艺术》1996年第3期,37-41、83页。
20. Cui Lili, "Facing the Challenge From Hollywood," Beijing Review(《北京周报》)(February 5-11, 1996):13.
21. Rex Weiner, "China Opens Its Doors to Sundance Fest," Variety, October 9-15, 1995, 13, 16; Rex Weiner, "Sundance Festival Takes Show on the Silk Road: Chinese Independents," Variety, October 16-22,1995,24.
22.对于20世纪末中国的后现代文化特征的探讨,见拙著 "Postmodernity, Popular Culture, and the Intellectual: A Report on Post-Tiananmen China," boundary 2 23, no. 2(1996):139-169; "Art, Culture, and Cultural Criticism in Post-New China," New Literary History 28, no. 1 (1997): 111-133; "Global POSTmodernIZATION: The Intellectual, the Artist, and China’s Condition," boundary 2 24, no. 3 (1997).
23.见王宁:《略论中国当代电影的两难及处境》,《电影艺术》1996年第6期,4-7页。
24.近来关于民族国际电影、民族国家、跨国主义问题的讨论,见专集 "Mediating the National," Quarterly Review of Film and Video 14, no. 3 (1993); Katherine Verdery, "Beyond the Nation in Eastern Europe," Social Text 38(spring 1994): 1-19.
25. 为了迎合西方观众,第五代电影在一定程度上采用了自我猎奇与自我色情化的方法。这种方法已获得一些成功,例如《霸王别姬》,但也出现山穷水尽的迹象。陈凯歌的《风月》在1996年的戛纳电影节上受到冷落就是一例。它的制片人徐枫对这部影片的投资远甚于《霸王别姬》。尽管有像巩俐、张国荣这样的明星加盟,但人们却对此片反应不佳。关于东方的两性的故事(这次是乱伦)在戛纳已不再受到西方观众的关注。从早期的自恋、精英分子的实验作品到极力追求商业成功与制造耸人听闻的景观--这样的转变造成陈凯歌艺术的悲剧。
26. 见 Homi K. Bhabha, The Location of Culture (London: Routledge, 1994).
27. Jameson, "Remapping Taipei," 148.
28. Jameson, "Remapping Taipei," 148.
29.见《虎门一日:〈鸦片战争〉摄制组拍摄纪实》,《中国银幕》 (1996年7-8月); Patrick E. Tyler, "In China, Letting a Hundred Films Wither," New York Times, December 1, 1996, H1, H26.
30.对于这一方面的讨论,见梁秉钧(Ping-kwan Leung):《民族电影与香港文化身份:从〈霸王别姬〉、〈棋王〉、〈阮玲玉〉看文化定位》,《今天》,第26期 (1994年秋季卷): 193-204页。
31.关于香港动作片的专著,见Bey Logan, Hong Kong Action Cinema (London: Titan Books, 1995).
32.引自 R. J. Smith, "The Coolest Actor in the World," Los Angeles Times, March 12, 1995.
33.见Hayden White, "Historiography and Historiophoty," American Historical Review 93, no. 5(1988): 1193-1199.
34.廖秉辉:《时空与性别的错乱:论〈霸王别姬〉》,《中外文学》22卷, 第1期(1993年),第6-18页。
35. Tu Wei-ming(杜维明), "Cultural China: The Periphery as the Center," Daedalus 120, no. 2(1991): 1-32.有关杜维明的观点与中国电影文化的关系的论述,见 W. A. Callahan, "Gender, Ideology, Nation: Ju Dou in the Cultural Politics of China," East-West Film Journal 7, no. 1(1993):52-80.
36.关于王颖的其他电影的讨论,见Peter Feng, "Being Chinese American, Becoming Asian American: Chan is Missing," Cinema Journal 35, no. 4(1996): 88-118.
37.这部电影根据谭恩美的同名小说改编而成,原小说生动地描写了June的提高了的自觉意识。有必要详尽地引述这段原文:
在我们的火车离开香港边界驶入中国深圳的那一刻,我有一种异样的感觉,我能感觉到额头上的皮肤热辣辣的,血在急剧奔流,骨头也因一处旧伤而隐隐作痛。我想,母亲是对的,我正在逐渐成为中国人。
我十五岁时坚决否认自己身上有任何中国人的特征,母亲说;"无可救药"。那时我是旧金山加里略高中的一名二年级学生,我的所
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