MSCT血管重建和双重化疗栓塞治疗25例转移性肝癌
作者:佚名; 更新时间:2014-12-13
         作者:陈雄,彭永海,欧阳学农,李天然

关键词】  肝肿瘤

    MSCT vascular reconstruction and double chemoembolization through portal vein and liver artery in 25 patients with liver cancer metastases

  【Abstract】 AIM: To study the effect of MSCT vascular reconstruction and chemoembolization through portal vein and liver artery in patients with liver cancer metastases. METHODS:  Twentyfive patients (male 18,  female 7) with liver cancer metastases were randomized into 2 groups. In all these patients, the hepatic vessels were restructured with MSCT while 11 patients in control group received only transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) therapy and 14 patients received TACE 1 week after portal vein chemoembolization in the treatment group. TACE was steered by digital Xray and percutaneous iodized oil portal vein injection was steered by colorultrasonic imaging. The white blood cell level, hepatic function, tumor size and life quality were observed before and after treatment. RESULTS:  All the hepatic arteries and portal veins were successfully restructured and ⅣⅤgrade hepatic blood vessels were seen clearly in images from DSA and colorultrasonic imaging. We found that in 60% cases, hepatic artery was the main vessel supplying blood to tumors while in 40% cases, tumors were surrounded by portal veins and the blood were supplied by portal veins. In large tumors, the center part was necrotic and had no blood supply. No significant differences were found in the size of tumors or in the levels of WBC, TBIL, ALT and life quality between control and treatment groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSION:  Vascular restructure with MSCT and chemoembolization through portal vein and liver artery, with no obvious sideeffects, are effective for patients with liver cancer metastases.

  【Keywords】 metastasis; hepatic neoplasm; MSCT; TACE; PVE

  【摘要】 目的: 研究MSCT血管重建和双重化疗栓塞治疗转移性肝癌的效果. 方法: 选择转移性肝癌患者25(男18,女7)例,随机分为2组,采用16层螺旋CT对肝动脉、门静脉进行血管重建;11例DSA下单独给予肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗(对照组),14例彩超引导下给予门静脉穿刺化疗栓塞(PVE)(治疗组),1 wk后于DSA下肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗,观察和比较两组治疗前后患者瘤体体积、白细胞和肝功能、生活质量变化. 结果: MSCT肝动脉、门静脉血管重建成功率均为100%,可清楚显示ⅣⅤ级肝脏血管,发现门静脉包绕肿瘤,周边以双重血供为主,随着肿块的增大,中间坏死灶无明显血供,肝动脉DSA造影提示60%转移瘤以肝动脉血供为主,结合彩超引导下介入栓塞治疗,40%门静脉除包绕肿瘤组织外,还有细小分支插入肿瘤内部,以门静脉血供为主;两组治疗前后瘤体体积、白细胞和肝功能变化、生活质量无显著差异(P>0.05). 结论: 用MSCT血管重建和肝动脉、门静脉双重化疗栓塞治疗转移性肝癌有一定临床效果,且无明显毒副作用.

  【关键词】 转移,肝肿瘤;MSCT;肝动脉化疗栓塞;门静脉化疗栓塞

  0引言

  肝脏是肿瘤转移的常见器官,肝脏特殊的血供特点在转移性肝癌的发病率及治疗方式的选择中起决定性作用. 肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)被认为是不能手术切除的转移性肝癌重要方法,但远期疗效并不理想. 我们的研究以血管重建数据为依据,探讨转移性肝癌的血供特点;并进一步探讨转移性肝癌经肝动脉与门静脉双重介入化疗栓塞的治疗疗效,探索一种创伤小、疗效可靠的转移性肝癌治疗手段.

  1对象和方法

  1.1对象

  200301/200406收治的原发病灶均来源于消化道的转移性肝癌患者25例,男性18例,女性7例,年龄24~69岁,平均年龄53.4岁,原发肿瘤均经手术切除,均有病理确诊,其中胃癌9例,结肠癌12例,直肠癌4例. 9例肝内肿瘤为广泛转移,12例为单侧多发,4例为单发. 肿瘤最大直径在1~15.2 cm,平均8.9 cm. 血清CEA升高者15例(>5 μg/mL),伴有腹膜后淋巴结转移者8例,所有病例Karnofsk评分均≥60分. 所有病例均在肝动脉介入治疗前后经16螺旋CT行肝动脉、门静脉血管重建,其中单纯TACE组(对照组)11例,肝动脉、门静脉双重化疗栓塞组(治疗组)14例.

  1.2方法

  1.2.1血管重建采用美国GE公司Discovery ultra 16层螺旋CT行肝动脉(MSCT)、门静脉血管重建. 腹盆部扫描采用管电压120 kV,管电流260 mAs,两者扫描类型均为Helical Full 0.8sec,层厚为1.25 mm,间距为1.25 mm,螺距为1.375∶1,重建视野为36 cm,重建矩阵512×512. 采用肘静脉注射对比剂,造影剂用量按1.5 mL/kg计算,注射流速2.5~3.5 mL/s,采用Smart prep扫描系统,靶血管区达到预置阈值后,启动扫描程序,完成整个扫描过程.

  图像后处理: 所有后重建处理在AW4.1工作站完成,重建方法有:容积重建(volume rendering VR)、最大密度投影法(maximumintensity projection, MIP)、多平面重建(multiplane reconstruction, MPR)、曲面重建(curved plane reconstruction, CPR).

  1.2.2治疗肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)采用Seldinger法: 局麻下经股动脉将导管超选插至肝固有动脉或肝左、右动脉,注入氟脲脱氧核苷1 g,羟基喜树碱20 mg,阿霉素40 mg,再注入丝裂霉素10 mg与碘油5~20 mL的混悬剂,部分病例注入少量明胶海绵颗粒. 两次TACE间隔6~12 wk. 治疗组于彩超引导下超选肿瘤血供的门静脉支(Ⅲ级分支以上),利用肝脏穿刺针进行穿刺,注入氟脲脱氧核苷1000 mg, 5~10 mL碘化油行门静脉栓塞,肿瘤弥散者可分次进行栓塞;肝脏非靶向转移灶于门静脉栓塞的同时采用瘤体内无水酒精注射的方法进行治疗,肝动脉介入化疗栓塞于1 wk后进行. 腹膜后淋巴结于上述治疗结束后7~10 d,采取体部伽马刀精确放疗联合腹腔灌注白介素Ⅱ+羟基喜树碱20 mg+氟脲脱氧核苷1000 mg,腹部深部热疗进行治疗. 所有病例均行TACE 2次,两组行TACE次数,间隔时间基本相同.



  1.3疗效评价标准

  1.3.1近期疗效肿瘤大小变化: 按照RECIST实体瘤近期疗效标准[1] ,治疗前后查B超或CT, MRI,按照完全缓解(CR)、部分缓解(PR)、稳定(SD)、进展(PD)评价肿瘤大小变化.

  1.3.2生活质量评价根据治疗前后Karnofsky计分分值的变化评定疗效: 分为提高、稳定、降低三级. 提高: 治疗后Karnofsky计分上升20分以上;稳定: 治疗后Karnofsky计分无变化或上升、下降10分以内;降低: 治疗后Karnofsky计分下降20分以上.

  统计学处理:  计量数据用x±s表示,组间比较用χ2检验;等级资料用Ridit分析,计量资料用两样本资料比较的t检验. 所有检验均经SPSS8.0软件处理,P<0.05为有统计学差异.

  2结果

  2.1肿瘤血供情况肝动脉、门静脉经16MSCT血管重建成功率均为100%,可清楚显示ⅣⅤ级肝脏血管,发现门静脉包绕肿瘤,信捷职称论文写作发表网,周边以双重血供为主,随着肿块的增大,中间坏死灶无明显血供,肝动脉DSA造影提示60%转移瘤以肝动脉血供为主,结合彩超引导下介入栓塞治疗,发现40%门静脉除包绕肿瘤组织外,还有细小分支插入肿瘤内部,以门静脉供应为主.
 
  2.2瘤体大小变化2次TACE治疗后两组瘤体

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