论文关键字: 会计差错更正 会计处理 上市公司的财务虚假
[论文摘要]:会计差错的发生是会计核算的过程中不可避免的,只要存在会计业务及其各种复杂的原因,就有存在会计差错的可能,就有研究会计差错的必要。寻找会计差错并予以更正是我们分析与研究会计差错的目的。要能够迅速查找会计差错乃至更正会计差错,首先要认识清楚会计差错是什么,是怎样表现出来的、是怎么形成的等一系列基本问题。因此本文详细介绍了会计差错的涵义,成因和种类等基本概述,在此基础上还比较了2006年新会计准则中对会计差错更正的修订,以便更好的掌握会计差错的理论知识。在熟练掌握了对会计差错的基本知识的前提下,本文对会计差错更正的相关会计处理进行了研究,充分了解会计差错的内在本质,更正的方法和运用,通过案例的分析详细了解会计差错更正的步骤和操作过程。同时,本文对目
前企业进行会计差错更正所产生的观念偏差,利润操纵等问题进行了深刻剖析,分析了企业出于避免连续亏损,保持再融资资格等动机利用会计差错更正调整利润造成会计信息不实,财务虚假的现象。并对现行会计制度在此方面发挥的防范作用进行剖析。进一步对如何遏制和改变此种不良现象提出了建议或意见:加强会计准则建设不断的完善其规章制度,提高企业会计人员素质和加强外部会计监管等。
[Abstract]:The occurrence of accounting errors in the process of accounting are inevitable. As long as the existence of accounting business and its various complex reasons, there is the possibility of the existence of accounting errors and the necessary of a study for accounting errors. To find and correct accounting errors is the purpose in our analysis and research for the accounting errors. We must first clearly understand a series of basic questions, such as what the accounting errors is, how it is formed and reflected. So this article describes the meaning of accounting errors, causes and types of such basic overview in detail. On this basis, the article compareed the relatively revision to error correction in the "Accounting Standards for Enterprises" promulgated in 2006. In order to better grasp the theoretical knowledge of accounting errors. Under the premise of grasp the basic konwledge of accounting errors masterly, the accounting treatment for
accounting errors have been studied in this article, fully aware the inherent hypostases of the accounting errors, correction methods and exertion. Through the correlative case analysis to learn more about the steps of error correction and operation of the process. At the same time, this article deep analyzed that on the current enterprise has bias of concept in the process of accounting error corrections, manipulation of profits and other issues. To analyzed the phenomenon that enterprise using error correction to adjust profit caused for inveracious accounting information, financial false, this phenomenon caused by some motivation such as avoid consecutive losses, maintain the qualification of refinancing and so on. And analyzed the new accounting standard has effect to prevent play in this regard. On this basis, this article further to talk about how to restrict and change this ill phenomenon, there are some suggestions or comments: strengthen the
accounting standard construction to continuously improve its rules and regulations, improve the quality of accounting personnel and strengthen the external accounting supervision.
Keyword: Accounting errors correction Accounting treatment Listed's financial phoniness
引言
会计核算中的技术性差错是会计人员在操作上常有发生的,尽管小心翼翼,有时仍免不了要经过一个发生差错、查找差错和更正差错的过程。会计差错的产生不仅增加了会计人员的劳动强度影响到工作效率,还使得相应的财务信息失真,并有可能误导投资者、债权人及其他会计信息使用者的决策或判断。企业应当建立、健全内部稽核制度,按照相关会计制度和法规规定进行会计核算,保证会计资料的真实完整,并对外提供可靠的信息。对于发生的会计差错,企业应当区别不同的情况,采用不同的方法进行更正处理。2006年颁布的《企业会计准则》对会计差错更正的内容作了相关修订,并一定程度上防范了现时经济环境中企业滥用会计差错更正随意调节当期利润造成财务虚假的不良现象,但是并不能完全杜绝。因此要加强对企业利润操纵行为的管理和限制,我国的会计制度建设需要根据我国经济环境和会计环境的变化而做出相应的修改,不断的加强和完善。
1. 会计差错概述
要能够迅速查找会计差错乃至更正会计差错,首先要认识清楚会计差错是什么,是怎样表现出来的、是怎么形成的等一系列基本问题。
1.1 会计差错的理解
对于会计差错的理解有广义理解和狭义理解之分。
广义的会计差错可以涵盖发生在会计工作中的一切错误,包括记账、算账、报账核算环节发生的错误,会计控制、会计监督等会计管理环节发生的错误,故意造成的错误和非故意造成的错误,还可以包括企业因按照国家法律、行政法规和会计制度的要求,或者因特定情况下按照会计制度规定对企业原来采用的会计政策、会计估计以及发现的会计差错、发生的资产负债表日后事项等所作调整时发现的原先的错误等。
会计差错的狭义理解是指会计人员日常工作中的会计差错。主要表现为会计核算时,在确认、计量、记录、报告等方面出现的错误,包括当前会计差错和前期会计差错。