西方哲学史撰作中的分期与标名问题(7)
作者:佚名; 更新时间:2014-12-05
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[60]参见Raymond Schwab,The Oriental Renaissance.Europe’s Rediscovery of India and the East,1680-1880(New York:Columbia University Press,1984).从书名可见,Schwab理解中的“东方复兴”,直到从莱布尼兹对“中国”的发现,追zōng@④到浪漫运动的终了。
[61]参见Edward W.Said,Orientalism,1st edition(New York:Pantheon Books,1978).
[62]Hermann Haring and Hans-Josef Kuschel(edited),Hans Küng:His Work and His Way,translated[from the German]by Robert Nowell,London:Fount Paperbacks,1979.
[63]黑格尔曾说“要读哲学,首先要成为斯宾诺莎的信徒”〔Werke,Suhrkamp,Band 20,P165〕;尼采曾把Spinoza称为“最纯粹的智者”(den reinsten Weisen),〔见Nietzsche,Menschliches,Allzumenschliches,§475,Smtliche Werke(dtv-de Gruyter),Band 2,p.310〕;此外,罗素则是视Spinoza为“大哲学家中最高贵和最可亲者”(the noblest and most lovable of the great philosophers),[Russell.op.cit.,p.552].
[64]见Kant,Kritik der reinen Vernunft,A271/B327.
[65]见本文后面有关德意志观念论的讨论。
[66]休谟对康德的影响世人谈论已有许多,但关于休谟情感学说这另一面的影响可参见Isaiah Berlin,“Hume and the Sources of German Anti-Rationalism”,Against the Current.Essays in the History of Ideas(Oxford:OUP,1981),pp.162-187.
[67]见Pascal,Pensées,§227.(Paris:Garnier,1964),p.146.原文“Le coeur a ses raisons que la raison ne connait pas.”
[68]见Pascal,Pensées,§282.Ibid.,p.147.原文“Nous connaissons la vérité,non seulment par la raison,mais encore par le coeur.”
[69]Edmund Burke,“The Death of Marie Antoinette”,Reflections on the Revolution in France(1790).原文为“But the age of chivalry is gone;that of sophisters,economists,and calculators has succeeded,and the glory of Europe is extinguished forever.”
[70]Friedrich Nietzsche,Nachgelassene Fragmente(1877)22[10],Smtliche Werke,Band 8,(Berlin:dtv/de Gruyter,1980),p.382.
[71]Isaiah Berlin,“The Counter-Enlightenment”,Against the Current.Essays in the History of Ideas.Ibid.pp.1-24.除了这篇文章标题化地探讨“反启蒙运动”问题外,柏林许多其它论著(如论Hamann,Vico,Herder等的文章都和这一主题有关。
[72]参见柏林上引书中有关Rousseau讨论多起。此外,近年就卢梭与反启蒙运动的关系问题可参见Arthur M.Melzer,“The Origin of the Counter-Enlightenment:Rousseau and the New Religion of Sincerity”,The American Political Science Review,Vol.90,no.2 1996,pp.344-360。另外,牛津四卷本Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment主编Alan Charles Kors曾于一篇访问中对卢梭作了如下评语:“But in the final analysis Rousseau’s anti-intellectualism and his contempt for natural knowledge,especially for applied knowledge,set him very much against the deepest currents of Enlightenment thought.In that sense,he was the precursor of the countercultural movements of the twentieth-century…”参见Kors,“The Philosophy of the Enlightenment”,Navigator 11/1997.Web URL:http://www.objectivistcenter.org/articles/interriewalan-charles-kors.asp(Retrieved Jan.10,2004).此外,Kors编的Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment,Volume 1(Oxford OUP,2003),pp.307-311中“Counter-Enlightenment”一条(作者:Sylvaine Albertan-Coppola)亦有同样论断。
[73]法国启蒙主义者Condorcet便常给人此一印象。近年好几本书都谈到这问题;参见Emma Rothschild,Economic Sentiments:Adam Smith,Condorcet,and the Enlightenment.(Cambridge,MA and London:Harvard University Press,2001)。此外,尼采提出joyous or gay science(frhliche Wissenschaft)明显地是要针对Descartes代表的cold,rational science而言的。
[74]见Isaiah Berlin,Review of Cassirer’s Philosophy of the Enlightenment.刊于The English Historical Review,Vol.68,no.269(1953),pp.617-619.柏林原文为“For Professor Cassirer the history of human thought,at any rate since the Renaissance,is almost cloudlessly happy…”
[75]见Jürgen Habermas,“Modernity-An Incomplete Project”,Postmodern Culture,ed.Hal Foster(London & Sydney:Pluto Press,1983,1985),pp.3-15.Se also Habermas and the Unfinished Project of Modernity.Critical Essays on The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity,(eds.)Maurizo Passerin d’Entreves and Seyla Benhabib(Cambridge:Polity Press,1996).
[76]在几年前一篇文章里,笔者曾借乌纳穆诺(Unamuno)及佩里斯纳(Plessner)等理论提出:在情感的挑战下,吾人只有透过对理性底限制的深层的和最彻底的确认,才能重新确定其于限制下所仍保有的功能与地位。参见关子尹著:〈说悲剧情怀—从情感先验性看哲学的悲剧性〉,《无涯理境—劳思光先生的学问与思想》,刘国英、张灿辉合编(香港:中文大学出版社,2003),pp.177-217。
[77]见Kant,“Beantwortung der Frage:Was ist Aufklrung?”,KGS,Band Ⅷ,p.40.
[78]这一点从《纯粹理性批判》书中所有涉及“能力”的论述的术语之前都冠以“超验”一点可见,如“超验感性论”、“超验逻辑”、“超验图式论”、“超验想象力”等。
[79]见康德Kant,Kritik der reinen Vernuft,A64-66/B89-91.
[80]见康德Kant,Verkündigung des nahen Abschlusses eines Tractats zum ewigen Frieden in der Philosophie.Kants Gesammelte Schriften,Band Ⅷ,p.416.
[81]见Kant,Logik.Ein Handbuch zu Vorlesungen,KGS,Band Ⅸ,p.25;另参见康德1793年5月4日致C.F.Studlin信札,KGS,Band 11,p.429。信中,康德甚至把Anthropologie一字置于括号中直接用以说明列出的第四条问题。
[82]这种讲法最主要的代表是法国哲学家威柏尔(Alfred Weber)。见Weber,History of Philosophy,tranl.By Frank Thilly(New York:Scribners & Sons,1908),§ 64,参见网版:http://www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/ToC/Weber%20ToC.htm(12 June 2004).
[83]Rüdiger Bubner很清楚指出康德作为德意志观念论者“只能于设有保留下生效”(nur mit Einschrnkung Geltung verdient)。见Bubner(hrsg.),Deutscher Idealismus,Geschichte der Philosophie in Text und Darstellung,Band 6,(Stuttgart:Reclam,1994),p.7。此外,Karl Ameriks亦表示了类似的态度,见 Ameriks, “Introduction:Interpreting German Idealism”,The Cambriddge Companion to German Idealism(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2000),p.1.
[84]Dietrich Mahnke乃胡塞尔早期的学生和助理,曾于胡塞尔编的Jahrbuch里发表了关于莱布尼兹的重要著作Leibnizens Synthese von Universalmathematik und Individualmetaphysik.(Halle a.d.S.:Niemeyer,1925),Jahrbuch…,7.Band.。除此之外,并先后发表过有关莱布尼兹的论着多种,主要有:Leibniz als Gegner der Gelehrteneinseitigkeit,(Stadde:Pockwitz,1912);Eine neue Monadologie,published as Kant-Studien Ergnzungshefte 39(Berlin:1917);Unsichtbares Knigreich des deu
[60]参见Raymond Schwab,The Oriental Renaissance.Europe’s Rediscovery of India and the East,1680-1880(New York:Columbia University Press,1984).从书名可见,Schwab理解中的“东方复兴”,直到从莱布尼兹对“中国”的发现,追zōng@④到浪漫运动的终了。
[61]参见Edward W.Said,Orientalism,1st edition(New York:Pantheon Books,1978).
[62]Hermann Haring and Hans-Josef Kuschel(edited),Hans Küng:His Work and His Way,translated[from the German]by Robert Nowell,London:Fount Paperbacks,1979.
[63]黑格尔曾说“要读哲学,首先要成为斯宾诺莎的信徒”〔Werke,Suhrkamp,Band 20,P165〕;尼采曾把Spinoza称为“最纯粹的智者”(den reinsten Weisen),〔见Nietzsche,Menschliches,Allzumenschliches,§475,Smtliche Werke(dtv-de Gruyter),Band 2,p.310〕;此外,罗素则是视Spinoza为“大哲学家中最高贵和最可亲者”(the noblest and most lovable of the great philosophers),[Russell.op.cit.,p.552].
[64]见Kant,Kritik der reinen Vernunft,A271/B327.
[65]见本文后面有关德意志观念论的讨论。
[66]休谟对康德的影响世人谈论已有许多,但关于休谟情感学说这另一面的影响可参见Isaiah Berlin,“Hume and the Sources of German Anti-Rationalism”,Against the Current.Essays in the History of Ideas(Oxford:OUP,1981),pp.162-187.
[67]见Pascal,Pensées,§227.(Paris:Garnier,1964),p.146.原文“Le coeur a ses raisons que la raison ne connait pas.”
[68]见Pascal,Pensées,§282.Ibid.,p.147.原文“Nous connaissons la vérité,non seulment par la raison,mais encore par le coeur.”
[69]Edmund Burke,“The Death of Marie Antoinette”,Reflections on the Revolution in France(1790).原文为“But the age of chivalry is gone;that of sophisters,economists,and calculators has succeeded,and the glory of Europe is extinguished forever.”
[70]Friedrich Nietzsche,Nachgelassene Fragmente(1877)22[10],Smtliche Werke,Band 8,(Berlin:dtv/de Gruyter,1980),p.382.
[71]Isaiah Berlin,“The Counter-Enlightenment”,Against the Current.Essays in the History of Ideas.Ibid.pp.1-24.除了这篇文章标题化地探讨“反启蒙运动”问题外,柏林许多其它论著(如论Hamann,Vico,Herder等的文章都和这一主题有关。
[72]参见柏林上引书中有关Rousseau讨论多起。此外,近年就卢梭与反启蒙运动的关系问题可参见Arthur M.Melzer,“The Origin of the Counter-Enlightenment:Rousseau and the New Religion of Sincerity”,The American Political Science Review,Vol.90,no.2 1996,pp.344-360。另外,牛津四卷本Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment主编Alan Charles Kors曾于一篇访问中对卢梭作了如下评语:“But in the final analysis Rousseau’s anti-intellectualism and his contempt for natural knowledge,especially for applied knowledge,set him very much against the deepest currents of Enlightenment thought.In that sense,he was the precursor of the countercultural movements of the twentieth-century…”参见Kors,“The Philosophy of the Enlightenment”,Navigator 11/1997.Web URL:http://www.objectivistcenter.org/articles/interriewalan-charles-kors.asp(Retrieved Jan.10,2004).此外,Kors编的Encyclopedia of the Enlightenment,Volume 1(Oxford OUP,2003),pp.307-311中“Counter-Enlightenment”一条(作者:Sylvaine Albertan-Coppola)亦有同样论断。
[73]法国启蒙主义者Condorcet便常给人此一印象。近年好几本书都谈到这问题;参见Emma Rothschild,Economic Sentiments:Adam Smith,Condorcet,and the Enlightenment.(Cambridge,MA and London:Harvard University Press,2001)。此外,尼采提出joyous or gay science(frhliche Wissenschaft)明显地是要针对Descartes代表的cold,rational science而言的。
[74]见Isaiah Berlin,Review of Cassirer’s Philosophy of the Enlightenment.刊于The English Historical Review,Vol.68,no.269(1953),pp.617-619.柏林原文为“For Professor Cassirer the history of human thought,at any rate since the Renaissance,is almost cloudlessly happy…”
[75]见Jürgen Habermas,“Modernity-An Incomplete Project”,Postmodern Culture,ed.Hal Foster(London & Sydney:Pluto Press,1983,1985),pp.3-15.Se also Habermas and the Unfinished Project of Modernity.Critical Essays on The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity,(eds.)Maurizo Passerin d’Entreves and Seyla Benhabib(Cambridge:Polity Press,1996).
[76]在几年前一篇文章里,笔者曾借乌纳穆诺(Unamuno)及佩里斯纳(Plessner)等理论提出:在情感的挑战下,吾人只有透过对理性底限制的深层的和最彻底的确认,才能重新确定其于限制下所仍保有的功能与地位。参见关子尹著:〈说悲剧情怀—从情感先验性看哲学的悲剧性〉,《无涯理境—劳思光先生的学问与思想》,刘国英、张灿辉合编(香港:中文大学出版社,2003),pp.177-217。
[77]见Kant,“Beantwortung der Frage:Was ist Aufklrung?”,KGS,Band Ⅷ,p.40.
[78]这一点从《纯粹理性批判》书中所有涉及“能力”的论述的术语之前都冠以“超验”一点可见,如“超验感性论”、“超验逻辑”、“超验图式论”、“超验想象力”等。
[79]见康德Kant,Kritik der reinen Vernuft,A64-66/B89-91.
[80]见康德Kant,Verkündigung des nahen Abschlusses eines Tractats zum ewigen Frieden in der Philosophie.Kants Gesammelte Schriften,Band Ⅷ,p.416.
[81]见Kant,Logik.Ein Handbuch zu Vorlesungen,KGS,Band Ⅸ,p.25;另参见康德1793年5月4日致C.F.Studlin信札,KGS,Band 11,p.429。信中,康德甚至把Anthropologie一字置于括号中直接用以说明列出的第四条问题。
[82]这种讲法最主要的代表是法国哲学家威柏尔(Alfred Weber)。见Weber,History of Philosophy,tranl.By Frank Thilly(New York:Scribners & Sons,1908),§ 64,参见网版:http://www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/ToC/Weber%20ToC.htm(12 June 2004).
[83]Rüdiger Bubner很清楚指出康德作为德意志观念论者“只能于设有保留下生效”(nur mit Einschrnkung Geltung verdient)。见Bubner(hrsg.),Deutscher Idealismus,Geschichte der Philosophie in Text und Darstellung,Band 6,(Stuttgart:Reclam,1994),p.7。此外,Karl Ameriks亦表示了类似的态度,见 Ameriks, “Introduction:Interpreting German Idealism”,The Cambriddge Companion to German Idealism(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2000),p.1.
[84]Dietrich Mahnke乃胡塞尔早期的学生和助理,曾于胡塞尔编的Jahrbuch里发表了关于莱布尼兹的重要著作Leibnizens Synthese von Universalmathematik und Individualmetaphysik.(Halle a.d.S.:Niemeyer,1925),Jahrbuch…,7.Band.。除此之外,并先后发表过有关莱布尼兹的论着多种,主要有:Leibniz als Gegner der Gelehrteneinseitigkeit,(Stadde:Pockwitz,1912);Eine neue Monadologie,published as Kant-Studien Ergnzungshefte 39(Berlin:1917);Unsichtbares Knigreich des deu