旅游感知形象研究综述(2)
作者：佚名； 更新时间：2015-01-10
了都市旅游形象营销的思路[88-90]；李蕾蓄则系统地介绍了旅游地形象策略的理论与实践[91]；王磊等从旅游主客体的角度，探讨了实际发射性、传播发射性、个体化、社会化等旅游目的地形象与旅游形象感知的主客体关系[92]；宋章海从旅游者感知出发，探讨了旅游目的地形象的可感知性与不可感知性，提出了应用正确运用旅游形象要素进行营销策划的观点[93]；谢朝武等则探讨了旅游形象感知策划的系统组织程序，提出了旅游形象策划的参与型组织模式[94]。
3 结论
国外同类研究，从研究内容而言，主要集中在旅游形象感知的影响因素、形象感知类型、形象感知行为模式、形象感知营销的研究等方面；从研究方法而言，不但有定性研究，而且有定量研究；从技术方法而言，不但有单因子分析，更有多因子分析，有的还运用了GIS及SPSS等研究手段；从研究区域而言，不但有国内旅游形象的感知研究，信捷职称论文写作发表网，而且有跨国多目的地的旅游形象感知研究；从研究结果而言，相当的研究结果依赖于市场抽样调查数据，结果分析具有客观性，主要为旅游企业营销管理提出市场定位战略。
国内同类研究，从研究内容而言，主要是对区域性旅游目的地形象的策划研究；从研究方法而言，大多是对旅游形象策划的定性研究，对定量研究则处于起始阶段；从研究区域而言，只局限于对国内和区域性旅游形象的策划及设计研究；从研究结果而言，相当的研究成果是从区域性旅游市场开发，具有主观性，主要为地方政府经济和社会的战略发展提出建议及对策。
【参考文献】
[1] Goodall,B.How Tourists Choose Their Holidays:An Analytical Framework[A].In Marketing in the Tourism Industry:The Promotion of Destination Regions[C].edited by B.Goodall and G.Ashworth.London:Routledge,1990,pp.1-17.
[2] Gartner,L.Image Formation Process[A].In Communication and Channel Systems in Tourism Marketing[C].edited by Muzaffer Uysal and Daniel R.Fesenmaier.New York:Haworth,1993,pp.191-215.
[3] Fakeys,P.C.,and J.L.Crompton.Image Differences between Prospective,First-Time,and Repeat Visitors to the Lower Rio Grande Valley [J].Journal of Travel Research,1991,30(Fall):10-16.
[4] Boulding,K.The Image.Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press[M].1956.
[5] Gartner,C.M.The Meaning and Measurement of Destination Image.[J].Journal of Tourism Studies,1991,2(2):2-12.
[6] Chon,K.S.The Role of Destination Image in Tourism:A Review and Discussion[J].The Tourist Review,1990,2:2-9.
[7] Moutinho,L.Vacation Tourist Decision Process[J].The Quarterly Review of Marketing,1984,9(spring):8-17.
[8] Woodside,A.G.,and S.Lysonski.A General Model of Traveler Destination Choice[J].Journal of Travel Research,1989,16(winter):8-14.
[9] Um,S.,and J.L.Crornpton.The Roles of Perceived Inhibitors and Facilitates in Pleasure Travel Destination Decisions[J].Journal of Travel Research,1992,30(3):18-25.
[10] Gensch,D.H.Image-Measurement Segmentation[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1978,15:384-394.
[11] Goodrich,J.N.A New Approach to Image Analysis through Multidimensional Scaling[J].Journal of Travel Research,1977,16(3):3-7.
[12] Pearce,P.L.Perceived Changes in Holiday Destinations[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1982,9:145-164.
[13] Phelps,A.Holiday Destination Image-The Problems of Assessment:An Example Developed in Menorca[J].Tourism Management,1986,7(3):168-180.
[14] Calantone,R.1.,C.A.di Benedetto.A.Hakam,and D.C.Bojanic.Multiple Multinational Tourism Positioning Using Correspondence Analysis[J].Journal of Travel Research,1989,28(2):25-32.
[15] Echtner,C.,and J.R.B.Ritchie.The Measurement of Destination Image:An Empirical Assessment[J].Journal of Travel Research,1993,22(4):3-13.
[16] Milman,A.,and A.Pizam.The Role of Awareness and Familiarity with a Destination:The Central Florida Case [J].Journal of Travel Research,1995,33(3):21-27.
[17] Mayo,E.J.,and L.P.Jarvis.The Psychology of Leisure Travel[M].Boston:CBI.1981.
[18] Anderssen,P.,and R.T.Colberg.Multivariate Analysis in Travel Research:A Tool for Travel Package Design and Market Segmentation[M].In the Fourth Annual Conference Proceedings of TTRA.Sun valley,ID:Travel and Tourism Research Association,1973,pp.225-238.
[19] Goodrich,J.N.The Relationship between Preferences for and Perceptions of Vacation Destinations[J].Journal of Travel Research,1978,16(Fall):8-13.
[20] Po-Ju Chen;Deborah L Kerstetter.International students' image of rural Pennsylvania as a travel destination[J].Journal of Travel Researc,1999,29(Feb):256-266.
[21] Lewis,Barbara R.Service Quality:An International Comparison of Bank Customers' Expectations and Perceptions [J].Journal of Marketing Management,1991,7(1):47-62.
[22] Mayo,Edward J.,and Lance P.Jarvis.The Psychology of Leisure Travel:Effective Marketing and Selling of Travel Services[M].Boston:CBI.1981.
[23] Crompton,J.L.An Assessment of the Image of Mexico as a Vacation Destination and the Influence of Geographical Location upon That Image[J].Journal of Travel Research,1979,17(spring):18-23.
[24] Anderssen,P.,and R.T.Colberg.Multivariate Analysis in Travel Research:A Tool for Travel Package Design and Market Segmentation[M].In the Fourth Annual Conference Proceedings of TTRA.Sun Valley,ID:Travel and Tourism Research Association,1973,pp.225-238.
[25] Goodrich,J.N.The Relationship between Preferences for and perceptions of Vacation Destinations[J].Journal of Travel Research,1978,16(Fall):8-13.
[26] Garther,W.C.Temporal influences on Image Change[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1986,13:635-644.
[27] Fenton,M.,and P.Pearce.Multidimensional Scaling and Tourism Research[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1988,15:236-254.
[28] Gartner,L.Tourism Image:Attribute Measurement of State Tourism Products using Multidimensional Techniques[J].Journal of Travel Research,1989,28(Fall):16-22.
[29] Crompton,J.L,P.C.Fakeye,and Chi-Chuan Lue.Positioning:The Example of the Lower Rio Grande Valley in the Winter Long Stay Destination Market[J].Journal of Travel Research,1992,31(Fall):20-26.
[30] Baloglu,S.,and il.Brinberg.Affective Images of Tourism Destinations[J].Journal of Travel Research,1997,35(4):11-15.
[31] Van Raaij,W.Fred,and Dick A.Francken.Vacation Decisions,Activities,and Satisfactions[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1984,11:101-112.
[3
3 结论
国外同类研究，从研究内容而言，主要集中在旅游形象感知的影响因素、形象感知类型、形象感知行为模式、形象感知营销的研究等方面；从研究方法而言，不但有定性研究，而且有定量研究；从技术方法而言，不但有单因子分析，更有多因子分析，有的还运用了GIS及SPSS等研究手段；从研究区域而言，不但有国内旅游形象的感知研究，信捷职称论文写作发表网，而且有跨国多目的地的旅游形象感知研究；从研究结果而言，相当的研究结果依赖于市场抽样调查数据，结果分析具有客观性，主要为旅游企业营销管理提出市场定位战略。
国内同类研究，从研究内容而言，主要是对区域性旅游目的地形象的策划研究；从研究方法而言，大多是对旅游形象策划的定性研究，对定量研究则处于起始阶段；从研究区域而言，只局限于对国内和区域性旅游形象的策划及设计研究；从研究结果而言，相当的研究成果是从区域性旅游市场开发，具有主观性，主要为地方政府经济和社会的战略发展提出建议及对策。
【参考文献】
[1] Goodall,B.How Tourists Choose Their Holidays:An Analytical Framework[A].In Marketing in the Tourism Industry:The Promotion of Destination Regions[C].edited by B.Goodall and G.Ashworth.London:Routledge,1990,pp.1-17.
[2] Gartner,L.Image Formation Process[A].In Communication and Channel Systems in Tourism Marketing[C].edited by Muzaffer Uysal and Daniel R.Fesenmaier.New York:Haworth,1993,pp.191-215.
[3] Fakeys,P.C.,and J.L.Crompton.Image Differences between Prospective,First-Time,and Repeat Visitors to the Lower Rio Grande Valley [J].Journal of Travel Research,1991,30(Fall):10-16.
[4] Boulding,K.The Image.Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press[M].1956.
[5] Gartner,C.M.The Meaning and Measurement of Destination Image.[J].Journal of Tourism Studies,1991,2(2):2-12.
[6] Chon,K.S.The Role of Destination Image in Tourism:A Review and Discussion[J].The Tourist Review,1990,2:2-9.
[7] Moutinho,L.Vacation Tourist Decision Process[J].The Quarterly Review of Marketing,1984,9(spring):8-17.
[8] Woodside,A.G.,and S.Lysonski.A General Model of Traveler Destination Choice[J].Journal of Travel Research,1989,16(winter):8-14.
[9] Um,S.,and J.L.Crornpton.The Roles of Perceived Inhibitors and Facilitates in Pleasure Travel Destination Decisions[J].Journal of Travel Research,1992,30(3):18-25.
[10] Gensch,D.H.Image-Measurement Segmentation[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1978,15:384-394.
[11] Goodrich,J.N.A New Approach to Image Analysis through Multidimensional Scaling[J].Journal of Travel Research,1977,16(3):3-7.
[12] Pearce,P.L.Perceived Changes in Holiday Destinations[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1982,9:145-164.
[13] Phelps,A.Holiday Destination Image-The Problems of Assessment:An Example Developed in Menorca[J].Tourism Management,1986,7(3):168-180.
[14] Calantone,R.1.,C.A.di Benedetto.A.Hakam,and D.C.Bojanic.Multiple Multinational Tourism Positioning Using Correspondence Analysis[J].Journal of Travel Research,1989,28(2):25-32.
[15] Echtner,C.,and J.R.B.Ritchie.The Measurement of Destination Image:An Empirical Assessment[J].Journal of Travel Research,1993,22(4):3-13.
[16] Milman,A.,and A.Pizam.The Role of Awareness and Familiarity with a Destination:The Central Florida Case [J].Journal of Travel Research,1995,33(3):21-27.
[17] Mayo,E.J.,and L.P.Jarvis.The Psychology of Leisure Travel[M].Boston:CBI.1981.
[18] Anderssen,P.,and R.T.Colberg.Multivariate Analysis in Travel Research:A Tool for Travel Package Design and Market Segmentation[M].In the Fourth Annual Conference Proceedings of TTRA.Sun valley,ID:Travel and Tourism Research Association,1973,pp.225-238.
[19] Goodrich,J.N.The Relationship between Preferences for and Perceptions of Vacation Destinations[J].Journal of Travel Research,1978,16(Fall):8-13.
[20] Po-Ju Chen;Deborah L Kerstetter.International students' image of rural Pennsylvania as a travel destination[J].Journal of Travel Researc,1999,29(Feb):256-266.
[21] Lewis,Barbara R.Service Quality:An International Comparison of Bank Customers' Expectations and Perceptions [J].Journal of Marketing Management,1991,7(1):47-62.
[22] Mayo,Edward J.,and Lance P.Jarvis.The Psychology of Leisure Travel:Effective Marketing and Selling of Travel Services[M].Boston:CBI.1981.
[23] Crompton,J.L.An Assessment of the Image of Mexico as a Vacation Destination and the Influence of Geographical Location upon That Image[J].Journal of Travel Research,1979,17(spring):18-23.
[24] Anderssen,P.,and R.T.Colberg.Multivariate Analysis in Travel Research:A Tool for Travel Package Design and Market Segmentation[M].In the Fourth Annual Conference Proceedings of TTRA.Sun Valley,ID:Travel and Tourism Research Association,1973,pp.225-238.
[25] Goodrich,J.N.The Relationship between Preferences for and perceptions of Vacation Destinations[J].Journal of Travel Research,1978,16(Fall):8-13.
[26] Garther,W.C.Temporal influences on Image Change[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1986,13:635-644.
[27] Fenton,M.,and P.Pearce.Multidimensional Scaling and Tourism Research[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1988,15:236-254.
[28] Gartner,L.Tourism Image:Attribute Measurement of State Tourism Products using Multidimensional Techniques[J].Journal of Travel Research,1989,28(Fall):16-22.
[29] Crompton,J.L,P.C.Fakeye,and Chi-Chuan Lue.Positioning:The Example of the Lower Rio Grande Valley in the Winter Long Stay Destination Market[J].Journal of Travel Research,1992,31(Fall):20-26.
[30] Baloglu,S.,and il.Brinberg.Affective Images of Tourism Destinations[J].Journal of Travel Research,1997,35(4):11-15.
[31] Van Raaij,W.Fred,and Dick A.Francken.Vacation Decisions,Activities,and Satisfactions[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1984,11:101-112.
[3
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