rwell escaped with his wife from the chaos. The war made him understand the difficult situation of Socialist movement. And he tasted cruelty and sordidness of war. But above all, the final defeat of this just war and complicated inner struggles for political power he witnessed in Spanish Republican Government made him disillusioned about the future of Communism. This period was a turning point in his political stance. He wrote in "Why I Write": "The Spanish war and other events in 1936-37 turned the scale and thereafter I knew where I stood. Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism and for democratic Socialism." [6 ]This indicates that at the time he might be suspicious of Communism, which is the ultimate version of Socialism. But he still firmly believed in democratic Socialism to be a solution to social injustice and inequality.

In 1939, German's invasion of Poland started World War 1I with the fast approaching of Nazi army and the change of Soviet Union's policies, Orwell became even more concerned with the problem of totalitarianism. He was worried about the future of the world and the fate of human society.

Under the social circumstances of that time, it was nearly impossible to get any publicity in the English press for a truthful account of what was happening in Catalonia. Because it was a time when the intellectuals everywhere were bleating “Stalin good, Hitler bad". When he was struggling to tell the truth and disclose the lies happened in Spain, his fellow people had been used to the corruption of revolutionary ideals and the evil of totalitarian habits of thought. He had no choice but only through the way of political satire to tell the truth and let people know what they should know. This reflects his debts to Swift's political satire Gulliver's Travel. When he first read Gulliver's Travel at the age of eight, he loved it so much that he read it for many times. His two masterpieces Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four just began for him there and then, thanks to his bloody experience in Spain and his reading experience during his childhood.

 

1.2 The Social Condition in the First Half of Twentieth Century

During the first half of twentieth century, Britain Imperialism was in its decline. The world had been in great turmoil, full of big social upheavals. The First and Second World Wars broke out. After the World War 11, many Western intellectuals went through a period of disillusionment一they lost their ideals and wondered where the society was going. They were disheartened about the reality, and they felt pessimistic about the future. Nevertheless, most of them did not give up their pursuit for better future of human society. There was also the hard time of the Great Depression. Scientific development included the start of women’s participation in political affairs; important ideological movements included Nazi aggression and the Soviet Union’s establishment.

 

2. The Embodiment of Totalitarianism in Nineteen Eighty-Four

When one thinks of all the people who support or have supported Fascism one stands amazed at their diversity.They are all people with something to lose,or people who long for a hierarchical society and dread the prospect of a world of free and equal human beings. For Orwell,a hierarchical society was one where the prospect of a world of free and equal human beings was not possible and the totalitarian government try its best to interfere people’s private lives.The embodiment of totalitarianism is exhibited by restricting individual freedom, maintaining inequality and interference of the government into people’s private lives.

2.1 Restricting Individual Freedom in Nineteen Eighty-Four  

For a human being, freedom includes physical freedom and spiritual freedom. The two are limited to an unimaginable terrible extent in .Nineteen Eighty-Four. Totalitarianism goes so far as to intrude people's last and most